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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Integumentary System
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-Composed of skin (integument) and its appendages (hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands)
-Protects body from injury or intrusion of microorganisms -Helps regulate body temperature |
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Fat
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1. Adip/o
2. Lip/o 3. Steat/o |
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Skin
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1. Dermo/o
2. dermat/o 3. cutane/o |
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Red
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1. erythr/o
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Sweat
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1. hidr/o
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Tissue
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1. hist/o
2. histi/o |
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Hard
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1. kerat/o
2. sclera/o |
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White
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1. Leuk/o
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Nail
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1. onych/o
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Black
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1. melan/o
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Fungus
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1. myc/o
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Formation
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1. plas/o
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Purple
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1. purpur/o
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Sebum (oil)
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1. seb/o
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Scale
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1. squam/o
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Hair
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1. trich/o
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Yellow
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1. xanth/o
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Dry
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1. xer/o
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The Skin
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-Largest organ in the body
-Divided into 3 layers 1. Epidermis- outer layer (defensive cells) 2. Dermis (corium) inner layer 3. Subcutaneous tissue (blood vessels) |
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Epidermis
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Consists of several layers of stratified squamous epithelium
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Basal layer
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- innermost layer
-Basal cells are constantly being pushed up, moving older cells to the surface -Melanocytes produce pigment (melanin), which gives color to skin |
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Squamous layer
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outermost layer
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Dermis
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-Connective Tissue
-Contains: 1. Blood and lymphatic vessels 2. Nerves and nerve endings 3. Glands 4. Hair follicles 5. Network and elastic collagen fibers |
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Subcutaneous Layer
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-Layer below the dermis
-Composed of loose connective tissue |
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Lesions
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Areas of pathologically altered tissue
1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Vascular 4. Purpuric 5. Scar 6. Tumor |
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Primary Lesions
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Lesions arising from previously normal skin
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1. Flat, non-palpable changes in skin color
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-macule, macula (freckle)
-patch (vitiligo) |
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2. Elevated, palpable, solid mass
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-papule
-plague (surface only) -nodule (extends deeper into epidermis) -tumor -wheal |
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3. Elevation formed by fluid within a cavity
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-vesicle (vesica = sack, bladder)
-bulla (large blister) -pustule |
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Secondary Lesions
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Lesions that result in changes in primary lesions
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1. Loss of skin surface
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-erosion (loss of skin leaving an area of moisture but no bleeding)
-ulcer (decubitus ulcer) -excoriation (scratch) -fissure (crack from dry skin) |
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2. Material on skin surface
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-scale (exfoliated skin cells that remain on the skin)
-crust |
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Vascular Lesions
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lesions of a blood vessel
-Cherry Angioma (small, round, bright-red blood vessel tumor often on the elderly) -telangiectasia or spider angioma (tiny red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole) |
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Purpuric Lesions
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lesions resulting from hemorrhages in the skin
-petechia (spot; a reddish-brown spot on skin that indicates a bleeding tendency) -ecchymosis (bruise; a black or blue mark) |
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Scar Formations
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replacement of destroyed tissue with fibrous tissue
-cicatrix (mark left by healing of a sore or wound) -keloid (kele = tumor; abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that is thick and irregular) |
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Epidermal Tumors
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skin tumors arising from the epidermis
-nervus (mole) -dysplastic nevus -verruca (wart) |
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Alopecia
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hair loss
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Comedo
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closed or open, clogging of hair follicle, black heads and white heads
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Erythema
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redness
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Pruritus
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severe itching
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Urticaria
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hives
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Xeroderma
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dry skin
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Burns
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1. First degree- destroy epidermis
2. Second degree- destroys epidermis and dermis 3. Third degree- goes all the way to subcutaneous |
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Keratoses
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condition of hardness
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Actinic
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solar
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Psoriasis
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itching
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Malignant cutaneous neoplasm
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skin cancer
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Pediculosis
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lice
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Chemosurgery
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treat with chemicals, eject then cut off
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Crysosurgery
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freeze then cut off
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Electrosurgical Procedure
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shock and cut off
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I&D
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incision and drainage
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Skin grafting
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Transfer of skin from one body site to another to replace skin lost through burns or injury.
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Anesthetic
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A drug that temporarily blocks transmission of nerve conduction to produce a loss of sensations (pain)
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Antibiotic
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A drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms.
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Antihistamine
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A drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungi.
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Antipruritic
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A drug that relieves itching
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Antiseptic
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An agent that inhibits the growth of infectious microorganisms
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Fish
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ichthy/o
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Epithelium
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cells covering external and internal surfaces of the body
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Sebaceous Glands
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oil glands in the skin
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Sebum
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oily substances secreted by the sebaceous glands
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Subdoriferous
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sweat glands (subor = sweat; ferre = to bear)
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Subcutaneous Tissue
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connective and adipose tissue layer just under the dermis
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Collagen
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protein substance found in the skin and connective tissue (koila = glue; gen = producing)
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Hair
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outgrowth of the skin composed of keratin
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Nail
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outgrowth of the skin attached to the distal end of each finger and toe, composed of keratin
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Keratin
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Hard protein material found in epidermis, hair, and nails
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3. Other Secondary Leisons
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-cicatrix if the skin (a mark left by the healing of a sore)
-keloid (abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that is thick and irregular) |
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Dermatosis
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Any disorder of the skin
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Exanthematous
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Eruption of the skin caused by a viral disease
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Rubella
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reddish; German measles
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Rubeola
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reddish; 14 day measles
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Varicella
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a tiny spot
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Eczema
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to boil out; the term is often used interchangeably with dermatitis to denote a skin condition characterized by appearance of inflamed, swollen papules and vesicles that crust and scale. often with sensations of itching and burning.
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Furuncle
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a boil- caused by staphylococcosis
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Carbuncle
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a skin infection consisting of clusters of furuncles
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Abscess
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A localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the inflammation of surrounding tissues that heals when drained or excised
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Gangrene
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An eating sore; death of tissue associated with a loss of blood supply resulting from trauma or an inflammatory or infectious process such as seen in complications of frostbite, severe burns, and condition that affect circulation
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Herpes simplex virus type 1
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Transient viral vesicles (cold sores, fever blisters) that infect the facial area, especially the mouth and nose
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Herpes simplex virus type 2
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Sexually transmitted ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin qne mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress
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Herpes zoster
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A viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves; usually unilateral-also known as shingles
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Ichthyosis
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A skin condition caused by a gene defect that results in dry, thick, scaly skin, ichthyosis vulgaris is the most common of the many types
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Impetigo
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Highly contagious, bacterial skin inflammation marked by pustules that rupture and often becomes crusted- most often occurs around the mouth and nostrils
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Lupus
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A chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body
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Cutaneous lupus
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Limited to the skin; evidenced by a characteristic rash especially on the face, neck, and scalp
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Systemic lupus erythematosus
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A more severe form of lupus involving the skin, joints, and often the vital organs
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Paranychia
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Inflammation of the nail fold
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Pediculosis capitis
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head lice
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Pediculosis pubis
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lice that generally infect the pubic region, but hair of the axilla, eyebrows, or other hairy body surfaces. (crabs)
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Scabies
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a contagious disease caused by a parasite (mite) that invades the skin, causing an intense itch. Most often found between the fingers or toes, elbows, ect.
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Tinea
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a group of fungal skin diseases, identified by the body part that is affected. Commonly called ringworm, and tinea pedis (foot), also called athlete's foot
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Vitiligo
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a condition caused by the destruction of melanin that results in the appearance of white patches on he skin, commonly the face, hands, legs, and genital areas
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Biopsy
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removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination
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Excisional Bx
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removal of an entire lesion
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Incisional Bx
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removal of a selected portion of a lesion
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Shave Bx
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a technique of using a surgical blade to "shave" tissue from the epidermis and upper dermis
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Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)
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a technique of isolating and growing colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine which drugs might be effective in combating the infection it has caused.
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Frozen secion (FS)
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A surgical method involving cutting a thin piece of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination.
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Skin Tests
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Methods for determining the reaction of the body to a given substance by applying it to the skin.
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Scratch Test
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The substance is applied to the skin through a scratch.
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Patch Test
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The substance is applied topically to the skin on a small piece of blotting paper or wet cloth.
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Dermabrasion
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surgical removal of frozen epidermis using wire brushes and emery papers to remove scars, tattoos, or wrinkles
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Debridement
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removal of dead tissue from a wound or burn site to promote healing and prevent infection
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Curettage
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to clean; scraping a wound using a spoon-like instrument
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Electrocautery
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use of an instrument heated by electric current to coagulate bleeding areas by burning the tissue
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Electrodesiccation
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use of short, high-frequency, electric currents to destroy tissue by drying- the active electrode makes direct contact with the skin lesion
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Fulguration
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to lighten; use of long, high-frequency, electric sparks to destroy tissue; the active electrode does NOT touch the skin
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Laser Surgery
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surgery using a laser in various dermatological procedures to remove lesion, scars, tattoos, ect.
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Laser
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An instrument that concentrates high frequencies of light into small, extremely intense beam that is precise in depth and diameter; it is applied to body tissues to destroy lesions or for dissection
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Mohs surgery
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a technique used to excise tumors of the skin by removing fresh tissue layer by layer until a tumor-free plane is reached
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1. Autograft
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Transfer to a new position in the body of the same person.
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2. Homograft
3. Allograft |
Donor transfer between individuals of the same species such as human to human
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4. Xenograft
5. Heterograft |
A graft transfer from one animal species to one of another species.
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Chemotherapy
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Treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce.
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Radiation Therapy
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Treatment of neoplastic disease by using ionizing radiation to deter proliferation of malignant cells
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Sclerotherapy
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Use of sclerosing agents in treating diseases (injection of a saline solution into a dilated blood vessel tumor in the skin, resulting in hardening of the tissue within and eventual sloughing away of the lesion.
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Ultraviolet therapy
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Use of ultraviolet light to promote healing of a skin lesion.
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Antifungal
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A drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungi
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Histamine
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A regulating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions causing swelling and inflammation of tissues
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Anti-Inflammatory
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A drug that reduces inflammation
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