Med Term Ch. 18 Patho

Front 1

hyperthyroidism

Back 1

overactivity of thyroid gland; thyrotoxicosis. includes Grave's disease. exopthalmos (protrusion of eyeballs) occurs

Front 2

goiter

Back 2

enlargement of the thyroid gland. low amount of iodine means low levels of T3 and T4 from thyroid. endemic goiter occurs in places where there is a lack of iodine in diet

Front 3

hypothyroidism

Back 3

underactivity of thyroid gland.

1. myxedema - advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood. complete atrophy of thyroid. skin becomes dry and puffy and mucus develops under the skin

2. Cretinism - extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood leads to lack of normal physical and mental growth

Front 4

thyroid carcinoma

Back 4

cancer of the thyroid gland

Front 5

hyperparathyroidism

Back 5

excessive production of parathormone. loss of calcium in bones and excessive calcium in the blood leads to problems with kidneys and heart

Front 6

hypoparathyroidism

Back 6

deficient production of parathyroid hormone, calcium stays in bones and doesn't enter bloodstream. leads to tetany (constant muscle spasms)

Front 7

adrenal virilism

Back 7

excessive secretion of adrenal androgens. women start taking on male characteristics

Front 8

cushing syndrome

Back 8

group of symptoms produced by excess cortisol from adrenal cortex, including obesity, full-moon shaped face, excessive back fat

Front 9

addison disease

Back 9

hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex

Front 10

pheochromocytoma

Back 10

benign tumor of the adrenal medulla (tumor cells stain a dark of dusky color)

Front 11

hyperinsulinism

Back 11

excessive secretion of insulin leads to hypoglycemia

Front 12

diabetes mellitus

Back 12

lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells. sugar in the urine.

Type 1 - occurs in childhood, includes destruction of beta islet cells and complete insulin deficiency

Type 2 - older patients who are usually obese. islet cells not fully destroyed and insulin resistance, not complete deficiency like type 1

Front 13

gestational diabetes

Back 13

occurs in women during pregnancy and stops after childbirth, but increases risk for type 2 later in life

Front 14

acromegaly

Back 14

enlargement of extremities caused by hypersecretion of anterior pituitary gland after birth

Front 15

gigantism

Back 15

hypersecretion of growth hormone from anterior lobe of pituitary gland before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues

Front 16

dwarfism

Back 16

congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone; hypopituitary dwarfism

Front 17

panhypopituitarism

Back 17

all pituitary hormones deficient

Front 18

syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

Back 18

excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone leads to excessive water retention in body

Front 19

diabetes insipidus

Back 19

insufficienct secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin). diluted urine because the body reabsorbs water and salts

Front 20

fasting blood sugar (FBS)

Back 20

measures circulating glucose level in a patient who has fasted for at least 4 hours

Front 21

serum and urine tests

Back 21

measurement of hormones, electrolytes, glucose, and other substances in serum and urine as indicators of endocrine function

Front 22

thyroid function tests

Back 22

measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in bloodstream

Front 23

exopthalomometry

Back 23

measurement of eyeball protrusion

Front 24

radioactive iodine uptake scan

Back 24

radioactive iodine administered orally and thyroid gland imaged

Front 25

thyroid scan

Back 25

scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes thyroid gland after IV administration of compound (technetium)