Med Term. Ch. 12

Front 1

What are the organs of the nervous system?

Back 1

brain, spinal cord, nerves

Front 2

cephal/o

Back 2

head

Front 3

cerebell/o

Back 3

cerebellum

Front 4

cerebr/o

Back 4

cerebrum

Front 5

encephal/o

Back 5

brin

Front 6

gli/o

Back 6

glue

Front 7

medull/o

Back 7

medulla

Front 8

mening/o

Back 8

meninges

Front 9

meningi/o

Back 9

meninges

Front 10

myel/o

Back 10

spinal cord

Front 11

narc/o

Back 11

stupor

Front 12

neur/o

Back 12

nerve

Front 13

phas/o

Back 13

speech

Front 14

poli/o

Back 14

gray, gray matter

Front 15

pont/o

Back 15

pons

Front 16

radicul/o

Back 16

nerve root

Front 17

thalam/o

Back 17

thalamus

Front 18

ventricul/o

Back 18

ventricle

Front 19

-algesia

Back 19

sensitivity to pain

Front 20

-esthesia

Back 20

feeling, sensation

Front 21

-kinesia

Back 21

movement

Front 22

-lepsy

Back 22

seisure

Front 23

-paresis

Back 23

weakness

Front 24

-phasia

Back 24

speech

Front 25

-plegia

Back 25

paralysis

Front 26

-sthenia

Back 26

strenght

Front 27

-taxia

Back 27

muscle coordination

Front 28

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

Back 28

central nervous system, peripheral nervous system

Front 29

what makes up the CNS?

Back 29

brain and spinal cord

Front 30

what makes up the PNS?

Back 30

cranial nerves, spinal nerves

Front 31

What is the function of the nervous system?

Back 31

coordinate & control all organs and relate the body to its surroundings

Front 32

What are the two physical systems of the nervous system?

Back 32

CNS, PNS

Front 33

What are the two functional systems of the nervous system?

Back 33

autonomic & somatic

Front 34

what does the somatic nervous system do?

Back 34

controls skeletal muscle and skin

Front 35

what does the autonomic nervous system do?

Back 35

controls involuntary bodily functions (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands)

Front 36

neuron

Back 36

basic functional unit of the nervous system

Front 37

dendrite

Back 37

carries impulses toward cell body

Front 38

axon

Back 38

carries impulses away from cell body

Front 39

what are the types of neurons

Back 39

sensory, motor, connecting

Front 40

what do sensory neurons do?

Back 40

transmit impulses to central nervous system

Front 41

what do motor neurons do?

Back 41

transmit impulses away from CNS

Front 42

connecting neurons

Back 42

connect at synapse through the use of a neurotransmitter

Front 43

nerves

Back 43

bundle of fibers, outside CNS. Connect CNS with other partrs of the body.

Front 44

ganglion

Back 44

collection of cell bodies using a nerve pathway

Front 45

what are the parts of the brain?

Back 45

cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum, meninges

Front 46

cerebelum

Back 46

largest part, white, houses cerebral cortex, 2 hemispheres

Front 47

diencephalon

Back 47

houses thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland

Front 48

brain stem

Back 48

holds mid brain, pons, medulla oblongata

Front 49

cerebellum

Back 49

under cerebrum, dorsal to medulla and pons. controls and maintains voluntary muscle movement, posture, coordination and balance

Front 50

meninges

Back 50

layers covering the brain for protection
1-dura mater
2-arachnoid
3-pia mater

Front 51

cerebral cortex

Back 51

where higher brain functions happen

Front 52

thalamus

Back 52

gets sensory info from eyes, ears and skin

Front 53

hypothalamus

Back 53

links nervous & endocrine system, controls pituitary gland, body temp, appetite and sleep

Front 54

pituitary gland

Back 54

the "band conductor," tells other glands what to do

Front 55

midbrain

Back 55

improves vision and hearing when needed

Front 56

pons

Back 56

connects the different regions of the brain

Front 57

medulla oblongata

Back 57

origin of the 12 cranial nerves, controls heart rate, respiration, BP

Front 58

what are the three meninges

Back 58

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Front 59

spinal cord

Back 59

provides a pathway for impulses traveling to and from brain.

Front 60

where is the spinal cord

Back 60

goes from medulla oblongata to 1st and 2nd lumbar

Front 61

spinal nerves

Back 61

31 pairs, connects with spinal cord. Join cord by two roots, afferent and efferent

Front 62

how many cervical spinal nerves

Back 62

8

Front 63

how many thoracic spinal nerves

Back 63

12

Front 64

how many lumbar spinal nerves

Back 64

5

Front 65

how many sacral spinal nerves

Back 65

5

Front 66

how many coccygeal spinal nerves

Back 66

1

Front 67

autonomic nervous system

Back 67

two divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic

Front 68

sympathetic nervous system

Back 68

"fight or flight," increased HR, respiration, activates adrenal gland

Front 69

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 69

returns the body to normal state after the sympathetic nervous system is no longer needed

Front 70

stroke

Back 70

any occurrence of the brain not getting enough oxygen, leading cause of neurologic disability

Front 71

CVA

Back 71

cardiovascular accident

Front 72

risk factors of stroke

Back 72

HTN, atherosclerosis, heart disease, DM, smoking, heredity

Front 73

thrombosis

Back 73

clot in vessel

Front 74

embolism

Back 74

moving clot

Front 75

aneurysm

Back 75

localized dilation of vessels, may rupture and cause hemorrhage

Front 76

epidural hematoma

Back 76

bleeding between dura mater and skull bone (blow to the side of head)

Front 77

subdural hematoma

Back 77

bleeding between dura mater and arachnoid (blow to back or front of head)

Front 78

viral/bacterial meningitis

Back 78

inflammation of meninges

Front 79

neuroglia

Back 79

tumors in the nervous system, dangerous if malignant and benign. seizures, headaches, vomiting, muscle weakness

Front 80

Multiple sclerosis

Back 80

loss of myelin with hardening of tissue.

Front 81

alzheimer's

Back 81

unexplained degeneration of neurons, atrophy of cerebral cortex,

Front 82

parkinson's

Back 82

failure of mid brain neurons to secrete dopamine

Front 83

multi-infarct dementia

Back 83

caused by multiple small strokes

Front 84

epilepsy

Back 84

caused by abnormal electric brain activity

Front 85

dyssomnia

Back 85

general term for sleep disorders

Front 86

insomnia

Back 86

insufficient sleep

Front 87

narcolepsy

Back 87

brief attacks of sleep

Front 88

sleep apnea

Back 88

failure to breath for brief periods during sleep

Front 89

polysomnography

Back 89

sleep study in a sleep lab

Front 90

idiopathic

Back 90

when something occurs without an unknown cause

Front 91

iatrogenic

Back 91

physician caused

Front 92

pica

Back 92

craving non-food substances

Front 93

polio

Back 93

grey color

Front 94

myel/o

Back 94

spinal cord and bone marrow

Front 95

neuroglian cells

Back 95

produce myelin

Front 96

'-taxia

Back 96

muscle coordination

Front 97

aura

Back 97

seeing colors or odors right before epileptic seizure

Front 98

chorea

Back 98

muscular twitching of limbs or facial muscles

Front 99

coma

Back 99

abnormal sleep or stupor from illness or injury

Front 100

conscious

Back 100

being awake and aware of surroundings

Front 101

convulsion

Back 101

severe involuntary contractions and relaxations

Front 102

delirium

Back 102

confusion, disorientation

Front 103

focal seizure

Back 103

seizure affecting one limb

Front 104

grand mal seizure

Back 104

loss of consciousness and convulsions

Front 105

hemiparesis

Back 105

weakness or loss of motion on one side

Front 106

hemiplegia

Back 106

paralysis on one side of body

Front 107

intrathecal

Back 107

pertaining to meninges

Front 108

lethargy

Back 108

sluggishness or stupor

Front 109

palsy

Back 109

loss of ability to control movement

Front 110

paresthesia

Back 110

abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling

Front 111

sciatica

Back 111

pain in the low back. caused by pressure on sciatic nerve

Front 112

syncope

Back 112

fainting

Front 113

tic

Back 113

involuntary muscular contraction

Front 114

tremo

Back 114

quivering movement of a body part