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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cushing syndrome
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excessive level of cortisol hormone from any cause, i.e. excessive production of adrenal gland (bc of a tumor) or more as a side effect of treatment with glucocorticoid (steroid) hormones, i.e., prednisone for asthma, theumatoid arthritis, lupus/inflammatory diseases. Symptoms include upper body obesity, facial puffiness (moon-shaped appearance), hyperglycemia, weakness, thin and easily bruised skin with stria (stretch marks), hypertension, and osteoporosis
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adrenal virilism
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excessive output of the adrenal secretion of androgen (male sex hormone) in adult women owing to tumor or hyperplasia; evidenced by amenorrhea (no period), acne, hirsutism, and deepening of the voice (virilis = masculine)
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diabetes mellitus (DM)
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metabolic disorder caused by an abnormal utilization of insulin secreted by the pancreas; evidenced by hyperglycemia and glucosuria (diabetes = passing through; mellitus = sugar)
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insulin
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hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas responsible for regulating the metabolism of glucose (insulin - island)
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type 1 diabetes mellitus
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diabetes where there is no beta cell production of insulin: patient is dependent on insulin for survival
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type 2 diabetes mellitus
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diabetes in which the body produces insulin, but not enough, or there is insulin resistance (a defective use of produced insulin). Patient is usually not dependent on insulin for survival
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hyperinsulinism
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excessive insulin in the blood that draws sugar out of the bloodstream, resulting in hypoglycemia, fainting, and convulsions; often caused by an overdose of insulin or by a tumor of the pancreas
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hyperparathyroidism
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hypersecretion of the parathyroid glands, usually caused by a tumor
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hypoparathyroidism
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hyposecretion of the parathyroid glands
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pituitary gland (hypophysis)
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master gland because it secretes hormones that regulate the function of other glands, such as the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testicles
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acromegaly
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disease of enlarged features, esp. face and hands, caused by hypersecretion of pituitary hormone after puberty, when normal bone growth has stopped; often a pituitary tumor
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diabetes insipidus
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condition of abnormal increase in urine output most commonly caused by inadequate secretion of pituitary antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin); systems include polyuria and polydipsia; urine is colorless bc kidneys can't concentrate urine (insipid: without taste)
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pituitary dwarfism
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congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone slowing growth and causing a short yet proportionate stature (not affecting intelligence): treated during childhood with growth hormone. Other forms are undersized, disproportionate caused by gene defects
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pituitary gigantism
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condition of hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood bone development that leads to an abnormal overgrowth of bone, esp. of the long bones, most often caused by a pituitary tumor
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goiter
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enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction, tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or inflammation (goiter: throat)
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hyperthyroidism, Graves disease, thyrotoxicosis
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condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by exophthalmia, tachycardia, goiter, and tumor
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hyperthyroidism
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condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness, slow pulse, and often obesity
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myxedema
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advanced hypothyroidism in adults characterized by sluggishness, slow pulse, puffiness in the hands and face, and dry skin (myx = mucous)
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cretinism
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condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed
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