Med Term 2 Vocab Ch 14

Front 1

acquired immunity

Back 1

production of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen

Front 2

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Back 2

group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms and neurologic problems

Front 3

adenoids

Back 3

mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

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allergen

Back 4

substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction in the body; a type of antigen

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allergy

Back 5

abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen

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anaphylaxis

Back 6

exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance

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antibody

Back 7

protein produced by B cell lymphocytes to destroy antigens

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antigen

Back 8

Any of various substances, including toxins, bacteria, and the cells of transplanted organs, that when introduced into the body stimulate the production of antibodies

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asplenia

Back 9

absence of a spleen. The condition may be congenital or result from surgical removal.

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atopy

Back 10

hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition. From the Greek work atopia, which means strangeness

Front 11

autoimmune disease

Back 11

A diseases in which the body's immune system, responsible for fighting off foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses, begins to attack and damage a part of the body as if it were foreign.

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axillary nodes

Back 12

lymph nodes in the armpit (underarm)

Front 13

B cell (B lymphocyte)

Back 13

lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and transforms into plasma cell to secrete antibodies. The B refers to the bursa of Fabricius, an organ in birds in which B cell differentiation and growth were first noted to occur

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CD4+ cells

Back 14

helper T cells that carry the CD4 protein antigen on their surface. HIV binds to CD4 and infects and kills T cells bearing this protein. AIDS patients have an inadequate number of CD4+ cells

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cervical nodes

Back 15

lymph nodes in the neck region

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complement system

Back 16

proteins in the blood that help antibodies and T cells kill their target

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cytokines

Back 17

proteins that aid and regulate the immune response

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cytotoxic T cell

Back 18

T lymphocyte that directly kills foreign cells (CD8+ cell or T8 cell)

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dendritic cell

Back 19

specialized macrophage that digests foreign cells and helps B and T cells to mark antigens for destruction

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ELISA

Back 20

screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream

Front 21

helper T cell

Back 21

lymphocyte tha aids B cells and cytotoxic T cells in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production; also called CD4+ cell or T4 cell

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Hodgkin disease

Back 22

malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in spleen and lymph nodes; Reed-Sternberg cell often is found on microscopic analysis

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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Back 23

virus that causes AIDS

Front 24

hypersensitivity

Back 24

An excessive reaction, local or systemic, or inappropriate immune response to an antigen

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hypersplenism

Back 25

syndrome marked by splenomegaly and often associated with blood cell destruction, anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

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immunity

Back 26

body's ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins.

Front 27

immunoelectrophoresis

Back 27

test that separates immunoglobulins

Front 28

immunoglobulins

Back 28

antibodies such as IgA, IgE, IgC, IgM, and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen

Front 29

immunotheraphy

Back 29

use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease

Front 30

immunosuppression

Back 30

Suppression of the immune response, as by drugs or radiation, in order to prevent the rejection of grafts or transplants or control autoimmune diseases

Front 31

inguinal nodes

Back 31

lymph nodes in the groin region

Front 32

interferons

Back 32

proteins secreted by T cells to aid and regulate the immune response

Front 33

interleukins

Back 33

proteins that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes

Front 34

interstitial fluid

Back 34

fluid in the spaces between cells. this fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries

Front 35

Kaposi sarcoma

Back 35

malignant lesion associated with AIDS; arises from the lining of capillaries and appears as red, purple, brown, or black skin nodules

Front 36

lymph

Back 36

thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body

Front 37

lymphadenitis

Back 37

inflammation of one or more lymph nodes

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lymphadenopathy

Back 38

disease of the lymph nodes

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lymph capillaries

Back 39

tiniest lymphatic vessels

Front 40

lymphedema

Back 40

interstitial fluid collects with in the spaces between cells as a result of obstruction of lymphatic vessels and nodes

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lymph nodes

Back 41

a collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels

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lymphocytes

Back 42

Small white blood cells that bear the major responsibility for carrying out the activities of the immune system; they number about 1 trillion.

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lymphocytosis

Back 43

A condition marked by an abnormal increase in the number of lymphocytes in the bloodstream, usually resulting from infection or inflammation.

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lymphocytopenia

Back 44

condition marked by an abnormally low level of lymphocytes in the blood

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lymphoid organs

Back 45

lymph nodes, spleen and thymus gland

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lymphoma

Back 46

malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue

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lymphopoiesis

Back 47

The formation of lymphocytes.

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lymph vessel

Back 48

carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest

Front 49

macrophage

Back 49

large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body

Front 50

mediastinal nodes

Back 50

lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic (chest) cavity

Front 51

monoclonal antibody

Back 51

produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells.

Front 52

multiple myeloma

Back 52

malignant tumor of bone marrow cells

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natural immunity

Back 53

protection that an individual inherits to fight infection

Front 54

non-hodgkin lymphomas

Back 54

group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue.

Front 55

opportunistic infections

Back 55

he secondary infections that occur in patients whose immune systems are compromised, such as in AIDS or after chemotherapy.

Front 56

plasma cell

Back 56

lymphoctye that produces and secretes antibodies. It originates from B lymphocytes

Front 57

protease inhibitors

Back 57

drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new vital pieces for HIV

Front 58

reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Back 58

drug that treats AIDS by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed to copies of HIV

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right lymphatic duct

Back 59

large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from the upper right part of the body

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severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SID)

Back 60

infants are born with deficiency B cells and T cells, resulting in the lack of immunity

Front 61

spleen

Back 61

organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells

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splenectomy

Back 62

Surgical removal of the spleen

Front 63

splenomegaly

Back 63

enlargement of the spleen

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suppressor T cell

Back 64

lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T lymphocytes. Also called a Treg (regulatory T cell)

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T cell ( T lymphocyte)

Back 65

originates in the bone marrow but matures in the thymus gland; it acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals such as interferons and interlukins that are toxic to antigens

Front 66

thoracic duct

Back 66

large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from below the diaphragm and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm; it empties the lymph into veins in the upper chest

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thymectomy

Back 67

Surgical removal of the thymus gland.

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thymoma

Back 68

malignant tumor of the thymus gland

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thymus gland

Back 69

organ in the mediastinum that conditions T lymphocytes to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response

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tonsils

Back 70

mass of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx

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toxic

Back 71

poison

Front 72

toxin

Back 72

poison; a protein produced by a certain bacteria, animals and plants

Front 73

vaccination

Back 73

exposure of an individual to a foreign protein that provokes an immune response.

Front 74

vaccine

Back 74

weaken or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease

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viral load test

Back 75

measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the bloodstream

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wasting syndrome

Back 76

marked by weight loss and decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity, also may occur with AIDS

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Western blot

Back 77

A technique developed in 1979 that is used to confirm ELISA results. HIV antigen is purified by electrophoresis and attached by blotting to a nylon or nitrocellulose filter.

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tolerance

Back 78

ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as "self" or friendly

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cell-mediated immunity

Back 79

T cells (cytotoxic , helper and suppressor) that respond to antigens and destroy them: a type of adaptive immunity

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humoral immunity

Back 80

B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity