Med Term 16 Oncology

Front 1

ablato/o

Back 1

to take away

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bi/o

Back 2

life

Front 3

cancer/o; carcin/o

Back 3

cancer

Front 4

chem/o

Back 4

chemical drug

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cry/o

Back 5

cold

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cyt/o

Back 6

cell

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kary/o

Back 7

nucleus

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lapar/o

Back 8

abdomen

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leuk/o

Back 9

white

Front 10

melan/o

Back 10

black, dark

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plas/o

Back 11

growth, formation

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rhabd/o

Back 12

striated muscle

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sarc/o

Back 13

muscle, flesh

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squam/o

Back 14

scale-like structure

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dys-

Back 15

painful, difficult, abnormal

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leio-

Back 16

smooth

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meta-

Back 17

change, beyond

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para-

Back 18

beside

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-gen

Back 19

origin, production

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-genic

Back 20

originating, producing

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-oma

Back 21

tumor, neoplasm

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dysplasia

Back 22

abnormal growth of tissue

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in situ

Back 23

in the original place or site w/o any expansion or spread

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oncogenes

Back 24

mutated forms of genes that cause normal cells to grow out of control and become cancer cells

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TNM staging

Back 25

abbreviation for cancer classification based on characteristics of the tumors, nodal involvement, and extent of metastasis

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tumor staging

Back 26

the extent of spread of a cancer from its original site

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adenocarcinoma

Back 27

malignant neoplasm composed of glandular tissue

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adenoma

Back 28

benign neoplasm composed of glandular tissue

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carcinoma

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malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial tissue, chiefly glandular or squamous

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fibroma

Back 30

benign neoplasm of fibrous connective tissue

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fibrosarcoma

Back 31

malignant neoplasm of deep fibrous tissue

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lipoma

Back 32

benign neoplasm of adipose fat

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neoplasm; tumor

Back 33

abnormal growth of new tissue into a mass; can be benign or malignant

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myeloma

Back 34

tumor composed of cells derived from bone marrow

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sarcoma

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malignant neoplasm of connective tissue or nonepithelial tissue

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basal cell carcinoma

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a cancer that begins in the lowest layer of the epidermis of the skin

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Kaposi sarcoma

Back 37

cancer of the skin and sometimes lymph nodes that cause purple-red on skin; common in AIDS patients

Front 38

melanoma

Back 38

malignant skin cancer that arises from the melanocytes in the epidermis

Front 39

squamos cell carcinoma

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a cancer that begins in the squamous cells located in the upper levels of the epidermis of the skin

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chondroma

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a common benign tumor arising from cartilage cells

Front 41

chondrosarcoma

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a large malignant tumor arising from cartilage cells

Front 42

Ewing tumor; Ewing sarcoma

Back 42

a malignant tumor found in bone or soft tissue

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giant cell tumor

Back 43

a tumor of the tendon sheath that can be either benign or malignant

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leiomyoma

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benign tumor of smooth (nonstriated) muscle

Front 45

leiomysarcoma

Back 45

malignant tumor of smooth muscle

Front 46

liposarcoma

Back 46

malignant tumor of adipose tissue in deep soft tissue; occurs in retroperitoneal tissues and the thigh

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osteofibroma

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benign lesion of bone consisting mainly of fairly dense, moderately cellular, fibrous connective tissue

Front 48

osteosarcoma

Back 48

fast-growing malingnant type of bone cancer that develops in the bone-forming cells. Most common and most malignant

Front 49

rhabdomyoma

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benign tumor of striated muscle

Front 50

rhabdomyosarcoma

Back 50

a highly malignant tumor of striated muscle

Front 51

astrocytoma

Back 51

a tumor that arises from small, star-shaped cells in the brain and spinal cord

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glioma

Back 52

cancer that arises from the glial cells of the nervous system

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medulloblastoma

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cancer that develops from the primitive nerve cells in the medullary tube and is usually located in the cerebellum

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neuroblastoma

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malignant tumor of embryonic nerve cells (neuroblasts); neuroblastomas frequently occur in infants and children, and 30% are associated with the adrenal glands

Front 55

intraocular melonoma

Back 55

a malignant cancer that forms in the tissues of the eyes

Front 56

retinoblastoma

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ocular tumor of the retina that affects young children

Front 57

multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)

Back 57

a group of disorders characterized by functioning tumors in more than one endocrine gland

Front 58

pheochromocytoma

Back 58

vascular tumor of the adrenal gland

Front 59

pituitary adenoma

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a benign tumor arising in the pituitary gland

Front 60

Hodgkin disease

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cancer of the immune system marked by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells (large, transformed pathogenic cells derived from B lymphocytes)

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leukemia

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increase in malignant WBC

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lymphangioma

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mass or tumor of lymphatic vessels

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lymphoma

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cancer that begins in immune system cells

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non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)

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any of a large group of cancers of lymphocytes; lymphoma other than Hodgkin disease

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bronchogenic carcinoma; non-small cell carcinoma

Back 65

lung cancer; cancer that arises from the lung or bronchial tract

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mesothelioma

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cancer of the epithelium lining the lungs or the epithelium lining the heart usually exposure to asbestos dust

Front 67

oat cell carcinoma; small cell carcinoma

Back 67

highly malignant form of lung or bronchogenic cancer in which cells appear small and rounded under a microscope

Front 68

gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

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benign or malignant tumor of the GI tract, with most occurring in the stomach

Front 69

urothelial carcinoma; transitional cell carcinoma

Back 69

cancer derived from the transitional epithelium, occuring mainly in the urinary bladder, ureters, or renal pelvis

Front 70

Wilms tumor

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malignant kidney cancer that affects children

Front 71

ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS); intraductal carcinoma

Back 71

form of cancer dervied from the epithelial lining of the ducts of the breast

Front 72

germ cell tumor (GCT)

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cancerous or noncancerous neoplasm derived from the germ cells (sex cells) of the ovaries

Front 73

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test

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blood test for the substance that high levels indicate cancer in testis, ovary, liver, stomach, pancreas, or lung

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Papanicolaou (pap) test

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examination of cells collected from vagina and cervix to detect abnormal changes

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Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test

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blood test for substance produced only by the prostate

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tumor marker test

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various blood tests for specific substances produced by certain types of tumors

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fine-needle aspiration (FNA)

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procedure of withdrawing cells from a lesion for examination with a fine needle on a syringe

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radionuclide scan

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small amount of radioactive substance in vein, and machine measures levels of radioactivity in certain organs which may indicate abnormal areas of tumors

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sentinel lymph node biopsy

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removal and examination of the sentinel nodes, which are the first lymph nodes to which cancer cells are likely to spread from a primary tumor

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single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan

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type of nuclear imaging test that shows how blood flows to tissues and organs can help identify certain types of tumors

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punch biopsy

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removal of a small oval core of skin for analysis using a sharp, hollow instrument

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shave biopsy

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removal of a sample of skin for laboratory analysis using a scalpel to slice the specimen from the site

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bone scan

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technique used to create images of bone by injecting the patient with radioactive dye that is taken up by bone tissue

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bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

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procedure in which a small sample of bone marrow and bone is removed for evaluation using a special needle that is pushed into the bone

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stereotactic biopsy

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precise procedure that uses a computer and 3-D scanner to find a tumor and remove it

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bone marrow aspiration

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removal of a small amount of fluid and cells from inside the bone with needle and syringe

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bone marrow biopsy

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removal and evaluation of a small amount of bone along with fluid and cells from inside the bone

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lumbar puncture

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the process of inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar spine to obtain CSF for analysis, determines if leukemic cells are present

Front 89

lymph node biopsy

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removal of lymph node tissue for pathologic evaluation

Front 90

thoracoscopy; pleuroscopy

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endoscopic examination of the pleural cavity made through a small opening in the chest wall

Front 91

cholescintigraphy; hepatobilary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan

Back 91

imaging test used to examine the function of the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts

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endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

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procedure using x-ray and injectable dye to examine disorders in the bile ducts, gallbladder, and pancreas

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endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)

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procedure using ultrasound imaging device on the tip of an endoscope for evaluation of the bowel wall and adjacent structures

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magnestic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

Back 94

procedure using MRI and an injectable dye to examine problems in the bile ducts, gall, and pancrease

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digital rectal examination (DRE)

Back 95

clinician inserts lubricated gloved finger into rectum to check anatomic structures for abnormalitites

Front 96

prostate biopsy

Back 96

procedure in which prostate gland tissue samples are removed from body for examination under a microscope to determine whether cancerous or other abnormal cells are present

Front 97

transrectal ultrasound

Back 97

ultrasound imaging of the prostate done though the rectum used to diagnose prostate cancer

Front 98

cervical conization

Back 98

biopsy of the cervix in which a cone-shaped sample of tissue is removed from the cervix

Front 99

colposcopy

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visual exam of tissues of the cervix & vagina using a lighted microscope (colposcope) to identify abnormal cell growth and if necessary, remove a tissue sample for biopsy

Front 100

endometrial biopsy

Back 100

procedure whereby a sample of the endometrium of the uterus is removed from the body and examined under a microscope

Front 101

mammography

Back 101

x-ray examination of the breasts

Front 102

brachytherapy seed implantation

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procedure by which radioactive "seeds" are placed inside cancerous tissue and positioned to kill nearby cancer cells

Front 103

cryosurgery

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the use of freezing temperatures to destroy tissue

Front 104

debulking surgery

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excision of a major part of a tumor that cannot be completely removed

Front 105

palliative surgery

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surgery that is performed to releive pain or other symptoms but not to cure the cancer or prolong a patient's life

Front 106

radiofrequency ablation

Back 106

procedure in which an oncologist uses a probe to deliver heat to kill cancerous tissue; used to treat liver, prostate, kidney, bone, and breast

Front 107

reconstructive surgery

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surgery performed to return function and appearance to a specific area of the body

Front 108

Mohs surgery

Back 108

surgical procedure that involves removing and examining a tumor in the skin bit by bit until the entire lesion is removed

Front 109

limb salvage surgery

Back 109

surgical procedure in which only the cancerous section of bone is removed but nearby muscles, tendons, and other structures are left intact.

Front 110

stereotactic radiosurgery

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radiation therapy technique for treating brain tumors by aiming high-dose radiation beams directly at the tumors

Front 111

enucleation

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removal of an eyeball

Front 112

iridectomy

Back 112

excision of part of the iris

Front 113

transsphenoidal resection

Back 113

excision of pituitary adenoma by making an incision through the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

Front 114

peripheral stem cell transplant

Back 114

collection and freezing of stem cells from the blood, which are then reintroduced into the patient after chemo

Front 115

pneumonectomy

Back 115

excision of the lung

Front 116

wedge recection

Back 116

excision of part of a lobe of the lung

Front 117

gastroectomy; Billroth 1 and 2 operation

Back 117

excision of part or all of the stomach

Front 118

pancreatiocodudenectomy

Back 118

excicion of all or part of the pancreas together with the duodenum and usually the distal stomach

Front 119

fulguration

Back 119

destruction of tissue by means of high-frequency electric current; commonly used to remove tumors from inside the bladder

Front 120

transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB)

Back 120

excision of a tumor from the bladder through the urethra using a resectoscope

Front 121

loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)

Back 121

gynecologic procedure that uses a thin, low-voltage electrified wire loop to cut out cancerous tissue in the cervix

Front 122

modified radical mastectomy

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excision of a breast done to remove a malignant tumor

Front 123

radical mastectomy

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excision of the breast as well as the underlying muscles and lymph nodes in the adjacent armpit

Front 124

simple mastectomy

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excision of a breast, leaving the underlying muscles and the lymph nodes intact

Front 125

myomectomy

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excision of a myoma specifically a uterine myoma

Front 126

external beam radiation

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procedure by which a beam of high energy radiation is applied externally directly to the tumor to minimize damage to other tissues

Front 127

radiation therapy

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use of high-energy x-rays or other particles to kill cancer cells

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aromatase inhibitors

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group of drugs designed to reduce estrogen levels and stop growth of cancer cells that depend on estrogen

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chemoprevention

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use of drugs or other agents to inhibit or prevent disease

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chemotherpay

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regimen of therapy that uses chemicals to treat cancer

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adjuvant chemotherapy

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chemotherapy given in addition to surgery to destroy remaining residual tumor or to reduce the risk of recurrence

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interstitial chemotherapy

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placement of chemotherapy drugs directly into a tumor

Front 133

intrathecal chemotherapy

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delivery of chemotherapy drugs into the subarachnoid space by lumbar puncture

Front 134

palliative chemotherapy

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chemotherapy that is given to relieve pain or other symptoms of cancer but not to cure it

Front 135

epidermal gowth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapy

Back 135

drugs that interfere with the growth of individual cancer cells

Front 136

hormonal therapy

Back 136

uses of hormones to stop a tumor from growing, to releive symptoms caused by a tumor, or to replace the hormone that is needed by the body

Front 137

immunotherapy; biological therapy

Back 137

method of boosting the body's natural defenses to fight cancer by using materials made either by the body or in laboratory to bolster, target, or restore immune system function

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AFP

Back 138

alpha fetoprotein

Front 139

BCC

Back 139

basal cell carcinoma

Front 140

BMT

Back 140

bone marrow transplant

Front 141

CA

Back 141

cancer, carcinoma

Front 142

DCIS

Back 142

ductal carcinoma in situ

Front 143

DRE

Back 143

digital rectal examination

Front 144

EGFR

Back 144

epidermal growth factor receptor

Front 145

ERCP

Back 145

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Front 146

EUS

Back 146

endoscopic ultrasound

Front 147

FNA

Back 147

fine-needle aspiration

Front 148

GCT

Back 148

germ cell tumor

Front 149

GIST

Back 149

gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Front 150

hCG

Back 150

human chorionic gonadotropin

Front 151

HIDA

Back 151

hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid

Front 152

LEEP

Back 152

loop electrosurgical excision procedure

Front 153

LP

Back 153

lumbar puncture

Front 154

MEN

Back 154

multiple endocrine neoplasia

Front 155

MRCP

Back 155

magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

Front 156

NHL

Back 156

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Front 157

PSA

Back 157

prostate-specific antigen

Front 158

RFA

Back 158

radiofrequency ablation

Front 159

SCC

Back 159

squamos cell carcinoma

Front 160

SPECT

Back 160

single photon emmision computed tomography

Front 161

TNM staging

Back 161

tumor node metastasis

Front 162

TRUS

Back 162

transrectal ultrasound

Front 163

TURB

Back 163

transurethral resection of bladder tumor

Front 164

TURP

Back 164

transurethral resection of prostate

Front 165

end

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end