Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
treatment modalities for cancer include |
surgery: diagnostic, curative, reconstructive, control, palliative or prophylactive radiation: teletherapty (external beam), brachytherapy (internal sealed/unsealed) chemotherapy: systemic |
|
|
|
post op nursing care for cancer related surgery (list) |
ABCs, mental status, incision site, VS, urine output, pneumonia, VTE, infx, bleeding |
|
|
|
important principals in radiation therapy |
time-period of exposure
distance- space between radiation source and tumor
sheilding-visitors should stay approx 6 feet away |
|
|
|
describe teletherapy |
external beam radiation where pt is never radioactive, pt must remain in exact position for all treatments |
|
|
|
a significant symptom of teletherapy radiation |
radiation dermatitis |
where commulitive daily dose of radiation prevents imeediate repopulating of normal skin cells |
|
|
describe brachy therapy |
two types sealed: within/near tumor, temporary/permenant, body fluids are not radioactive but patiet is radioactive as long as implant is in place
unsealed: oral or IV, body cavities, temporary. BOTH pt and body fluids ARE RADIOACTIVE |
|
|
|
nursing care for patient with brachy therapy (staff and otherwise) |
private room for patient door closed nurse should wear a dosimeter no pregnant staff or visitors
|
|
|
|
chemotherapy given before surgey is |
neo-adjuvant |
|
|
|
major benefit of neoadjuvant therapy is |
shrinks tumors |
|
|
|
chemotherapy given after surgery |
adjuvant |
which refers to additional treatment |
|
|
route of chemotherapy that is most consistent and has most dose accuracy |
intravenous |
|
|
|
metabolic oncologic emergency that results from cancer treatment |
tumor lysis syndrome |
|
|
|
tumor lysis syndrome manifests as |
sever electrolyte abnormalities |
|
|
|
once tumor has reached this size it has developed its own blood supply |
1 cm |
|
|
|
primary prevention of cancer include |
avoidance modifying associated factors (smoking, sex partners) removal of at risk tissue (moles, breasts) |
|
|
|
secondary prevention of cancer is when |
youre looking for cancer before the person has any symptoms |
|
|
|
secondary prevention includes |
screening: self exams, blood tests, and procedures |
|
|
|
screening time intervals for breasts include |
self screening beginning in 20s CBE Q3yrs in 20s &30s then Q1yr 40 and above mammogram annually at 40yrs |
|
|
|
prevention and early detection for prostate cancer are recommended when the patient is |
50yr for avg risk
45 for men at higher risk (Afr. Amr) and with a first degree relative who developed prostate cancer younger than age 65
|
|
|
|
colorectal cancer screenings include______ and are reccomended at these intervals |
FOBT annually for adults sigmoioscopy Q5 yrs starting at age 50 Colonoscopy Q10 yrs starting at age 50 Barium enema Q5 yrs starting at age 50 |
|
|
|
the single most important risk factor for cancer is |
advancing age |
|
|
|
dietary habits to reduce cancer risk (4/7) |
-excessive animal fat -nitrites (prepared lunch meat, sausague, bologna) -red meat -minimal ETOH -increase bran -more cruciferous veggies (broccoli, brussel sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower) -more foods high in Vit A and Vit C |
|
|
|
latency period is |
time between cells initiation and development of an overt tumor |
|
|
|
the single most preventable source of carcinogenesis |
tobacco |
|
|
|
this medical emergency can occur with radiation an/or chemo |
tumor lysis syndrome |
|
|
|
is tumor lysis syndrome considered effective or ineffective |
effective its when a large number of tumor cells are destoryed and cellular contents are released faster than they can be expelled |
|
|
|
Main components released during tumor lysis syndrome |
potassium uric acid phosphorus |
|
|
|
presentation of tumor lysis syndrom |
nausea vomiting anorexia diarrhea....so all GI |
|
|
|
managing tumor lysis sundrome includes |
increasing fluids at least 3L, the day before, day of and 3 days after alkaline bicarbonate fluids to prevent uric acid precipitation |
|
|
|
drugs given to patients experiencing tumor lysis syndrome |
allopurinol (zyloprim) for purine excretion sodium polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate) for potassium excretion glucose and insulin for severe hypokalcemia dialysis for severe uricemia and hyperkalcemia |
|
|
|
indication, side effects and nursing implications of taking/giving allopurinol (zyloprim) |
indication-dec uric acid production and deposits in kidney side effects- N/V implications- maintain fluid intake |
|
|
|
indication, side effects and nursing implications of taking/giving kayexelate |
indication- mild hyperkalemia
S/E: GI disturbance, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia
implication- may take fall 24hrs to be effective |
|
|
|
common side effects of chemotherapy |
bone marrow suppression N/V mucositis alopecia cognition changes Chemo induced peripheral neuropathy |
|
|
|
drug interventions for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) |
Serotonin antagonist: Ondansetron (Zofran) corticosteroids: dexamethasone (decadron) prokinetic agents: metocloprimide (reglan) benzodiazapines: lorazapam (ativan) |
|
|
|
this population becomes dehydrated more rapidly if CINV is not controlled. For this population you should advise... |
elderly, advise to contact health provider if CINV lasts longer than 12 hrs or becomes worse |
|
|
|
priority nursing care of patients experiencing chemo inducedperipheral neuropathy |
prevent injury |
|
|
|
risk factors for breast cancer |
age >65 inherited BRCA1 & BRCA2 gene mutations breast density nulliparity or 1st child after 30 yrs early menarche/ Late menopause recent hormone replacement therapy |
|
|
|
clinical presentation of breast cancer |
dimpling orange peel redness nipple inversion nipple discharge milk production ulcers |
|
|
|
modifiable risk factors related to breast cancer (bonus) |
breast feeding for a year or more avoiding hormone replacement therapy certain pesticides PFOA found in nonstick cookware BPA found in plastic containers |
|
|
|
diagnostic assessment of breast cancer |
MRI-not for low risk ultrasound-for dense breasts biopsy- of both lymph nodes and breast mass |
|
|
|
labratory assessment of breast cancer |
biopsy is definitive but elevated liver enzymes, increased serum calcium suggest metastasis |
|
