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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anemia
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a manifestation of a pathologic process characterized by a reduction below normal in the number of erythrocytes, quantity of hemoglobin, and/or the volume of packed red cells (hematocrit) in the blood
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aplastic anemia
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a disease in which the patient has peripheral blood pancytopenia (decrease of all blood cell types) and hypocellular bone marrow
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autologous
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in transplantation, denotes removal of the patient's own tissue and the giving back of the tissue to that person
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disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
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a serious bleeding disorder resulting from abnormally initiated and accelerated clotting
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hemachromatosis
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an autosomal recessive disease characterized by increased intestinal iron absorption and, as a result, increased tissue iron deposition
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hemolytic anemia
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an anemia caused by destruction of RBCs at a rate that exceeds production
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hemophilia
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hereditary bleeding disorders caused by defective or deficient clotting factors; classic hemophilia A is a sex-linked recessive genetic disorder caused by deficient factor VIII; hemophilia B is a deficiency of factor IX
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hepatomegaly
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an abnormal enlargement of the liver
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induction therapy
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the initial, aggressive stage of cancer treatment that attempts to destroy malignant cells and bring about a remission
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iron-deficiency anemia
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anemia caused by inadequate iron for hemoglobin production
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leukapharesis
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a process by which blood is withdrawn from a vein, white blood cells are selectively removed, and the remaining blood is reinfused into the donor
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leukemia
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general term used to describe a group of malignant disorders affecting the blood and blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow, lymph system, and spleen
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lymphadenopathy
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enlargement of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels
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lymphoblasts
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large, immature cells that normally develop into lymphocytes
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lymphocytic leukemia
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a defect in proliferation and maturation of lymphocytes
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megaloblastic anemias
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a group of disorders caused by impaired DNA synthesis and characterized by the presence of large red blood cells
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multiple myeloma
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a condition in which neoplastic plasma cells infiltrate the bone marrow and destroy bone
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myeloblasts
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large, immature cells that normally develop into granulocytes
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myelodysplastic syndrome
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a group of related hematologic disorders characterized by a change in the quantity and quality of bone marrow elements
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myelogenous leukemia
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a defect in proliferation and maturation of granulocytes
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non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
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a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms involving lymphoid tissue
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pernicious anemia
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a type of megaloblastic anemia resulting from inadequate gastric secretion of intrinsic factor necessary for absorption of cobalamin (vitamin B12)
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Philadelphia chromosome
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a translocation of the long arm of chromosome 22 to chromosome 9 found in the abnormal myeloblasts, erythroblasts, and megakaryoblasts of 90% of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia
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polycythemia
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the production and presence of increased numbers of red blood cells
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sickle cell crisis
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an exacerbation of sickle cell anemia when sickle cell hemoglobin assumes various crescent or sickle shapes, occluding small blood vessels
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sickle cell disease
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a group of inherited, autosomal recessive disorders characterized by the presence of an abnormal form of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte
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sickle cell hemoglobin
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abnormal hemoglobin that causes development of deformed crescent-shaped red blood cells when oxygen tension is lowered
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sickle cell trait
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a heterozygous state in which an individual has only one sickle cell gene paired with a normal hemoglobin gene
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splenomegaly
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an abnormal enlargement of the spleen
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thalassemia
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an autosomal recessive genetic disorder of inadequate production of normal hemoglobin
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thrombocytopenia
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a reduction of the platelet count below the normal range of 150,000 to 400,000/µl (150 to 400 × 109/L)
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