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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a1-antitrypsin
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a serum protein produced by the liver and normally found in the lungs that inhibits proteolytic enzymes of white cells from lysing lung tissue; genetic deficiency of this protein can cause emphysema
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absorption atelectasis
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alveolar collapse that occurs when high concentrations of oxygen are given and oxygen replaces nitrogen in the alveoli; if airway obstruction occurs, the oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and the alveoli collapse
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asthma
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a chronic inflammatory lung disease that results in airflow obstruction
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centrilobular emphysema
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type of emphysema often associated with chronic bronchitis in which respiratory bronchioles enlarge, the walls are destroyed, and the bronchioles become confluent
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chest percussion
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rhythmic percussion of a patient's chest with cupped hands to loosen retained respiratory secretions
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chest physiotherapy
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a series of maneuvers including percussion, vibration, and postural drainage designed to promote clearance of excessive respiratory secretions
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chronic bronchitis
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obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by excessive production of mucus and chronic inflammatory changes in the bronchi
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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pulmonary disease state characterized by the presence of airflow obstruction caused by chronic bronchitis or emphysema; clinical use of the term indicates the presence of chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema
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cor pulmonale
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hypertrophy of the right side of the heart, with or without heart failure, resulting from pulmonary hypertension
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cystic fibrosis
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an autosomal recessive, multisystem disease characterized by altered function of the exocrine glands involving primarily the lungs, pancreas, and sweat glands
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diaphragmatic breathing
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breathing with the use of the diaphragm to achieve maximum inhalation and slow respiratory rate
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dry powder inhaler
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dry powdered drug delivered by inhalation
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emphysema
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an abnormal permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis
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hypercapnia
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high arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2 <45 mm Hg); also called hypercarbia
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hyperresponsiveness
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excessive or exaggerated response to a stimulus; in asthma, leads to bronchoconstriction in response to physical, chemical, or pharmacologic stimuli
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hypocapnia
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low arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2 <35 mm Hg); also called hypocarbia
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metered-dose inhaler
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aerosolized drug delivered in a specific amount by activating the inhaler or by inhaling
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normocapnia
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normal arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2 35-45 mm Hg)
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O2 toxicity
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a condition of oxygen overdosage caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of oxygen; may inactivate pulmonary surfactant and lead to development of acute respiratory distress syndrome
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pancreatic insufficiency
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a condition characterized by inadequate production and secretion of pancreatic hormones or enzymes
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panlobular emphysema
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type of emphysema involving distention and destruction of the entire primary respiratory lobule; usually associated with a 1-antitrypsin deficiency
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postural drainage
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the use of various positions to promote gravity drainage of bronchial secretions
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pursed-lip breathing
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a technique of exhaling against pursed lips to prolong exhalation, preventing bronchiolar collapse and air trapping
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status asthmaticus
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a severe, life-threatening asthma attack that is refractory to usual treatment and places the patient at risk for developing respiratory failure
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trigger
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in asthma, any stimuli that initiates the IgE-mast cell mediated response resulting in the pathophysiologic responses of asthma
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vibration
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pressing on the chest with the flat of the hands while repeatedly tensing the hand and arm muscles to facilitate movement of secretions to larger airways
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