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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the symptoms and causes of hyperphosphatemia? |
Causes: kidney disease, dehydration, excess urine, too much vit D, acidosis, rhabdomyolysis. S/S: tremors, seizures, tachycardia, n/v, hypereflexive |
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What are the causes and symptoms of hypophosphatemia? |
Causes: hyperparathyroidism (up Ca), loop diuretics, poor nutrition. S/S: decreased growth, seizures, muscle atrophy, paresthesis, chest pain, high Ca (bone pain) |
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How do you treat low phosphate? |
Eat more meat, nuts, whole grain, chocolate |
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How do you treat high phosphate? |
Phos-lo raises Ca and aluminum Antacids get rid of P. |
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Inverse of phosphate |
Calcium |
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Normal phosphate level |
3-4.5 |
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Normal magnesium level |
1.3-2.3 |
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Causes and symptoms of low magnesium? |
Causes: alcoholism, pregnancy, high adh, poor nutrition, heart failure S/S: cell irritability, seizure (chovestkys, trousseau), high bp and high hr, high DTR, dysphasia |
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Causes and symptoms of high magnesium? |
Causes: kidney failure, hypothyroidism, anatacids S/S: vasodilation(flushing), low bp low hr, weakness, low rr and DTR |
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Food high in magnesium |
Leafy greens, veggies, nuts, seeds, whole grains, seafood, pb |
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Explain use side fx and precautions of aluminum hydroxide |
Use: pud, high phosphate Side fx: n/v, low p, constipation, bone weakness, black emesis, aluminum toxicity Contraindications: chf, renal failure *eat low Ca |
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What are the diagnostic tests for respiratory disorders? |
1) chest X-ray 2)angiograms (allergy to shellfish, iodine) 3) CT scan (check BUN) 4) MRI 5) v/Q scan 6) PPD (TB test) 7) PFT (spirometer) normal tidal V=500mL 8) ABGs 9)bronchoscope (watch 2 hrs after) |
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Atelectasis causes, tests, treatment |
Collapse of alveoli. Causes: post-op, tumor, infection, fluid S/S: black cxy, cyanosis, fever, pain, high hr rr, crackles Tx: bronchodilation, o2, suction |
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Pneumonia causes, dx, tx |
Inflamed lungs. Cause: viral (most common) bacterial (worse) fungal, chemical aspiration. Bacterial S/S: sudden, fever chills, high hr rr (low if viral), rusty sputum, painful cough, decreased sounds. Tests: sputum culture, cxr,wbc, white chest xry, lactic acid tx: expectorants |
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What is COPD? |
Inflammation of bronchi, chronic cough, excessive mucus for 3months/yr for two years |
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What is COPD? |
Inflammation of bronchi, chronic cough, excessive mucus for 3months/yr for two years |
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What are the early and late symptoms of copd? |
Early: wet cough, tachypnea, High lung P, low vascular/o2, air trapping, dysrhythmias. Late: resp acidosis compensated by metabolic alkalosis, blebs/pnuemothorax, high risk of cancer and fluid overload, cor pulmonale(rt.hf) =edema, ascites, Jvd |
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What is emphysema? |
Abnormally large rigid and destroyed alveolar walls. Age 30-40. |
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What is emphysema? |
Abnormally large rigid and destroyed alveolar walls. Age 30-40. |
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Early and late symptoms of emphysema? |
Early: wheezing, decreased breath sounds, long and labored expiration, anxious, pale, low activity Late: Tripod, cachexia, white mucus, memory loss, hypertrophy of accessory muscles, high co2, barrel chest/flat diaphragm, jvd |
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What is emphysema? |
Abnormally large rigid and destroyed alveolar walls. Age 30-40. Imbalance of protease. |
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Early and late symptoms of emphysema? |
Early: wheezing, decreased breath sounds, long and labored expiration, anxious, pale, low activity Late: “pink puffers” Tripod, cachexia, white mucus, memory loss, hypertrophy of accessory muscles, high co2, barrel chest/flat diaphragm, jvd |
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Treatment and education of emphysema? |
Tx: cpt and pd, low o2, Lung surg, assess borg sob scale Education: get vaccines, avoid crowds and cold, purse lips and bend forward |
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What disease does emphysema have most common? |
Chronic bronchitis |
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What is chronic bronchitis? |
Cough for 3months/yr, thick mucus blocking airway, bronchospasm and chronic infection. Headache, crackles Manifestations: Tripod, sleep apnea, thick yellow mucus, hemoptysis, clubbing, confusion, rthf, depression, low activity |
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What is chronic bronchitis? |
Cough for 3months/yr, thick white mucus blocking airway, bronchospasm and chronic infection. Headache, crackles Manifestations: Tripod, sleep apnea, thick yellow mucus, hemoptysis, clubbing, confusion, rthf, depression, low activity |
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What tests are used to diagnose chronic bronchitis? |
Chest X-ray, pft, abgs |
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Explain adult asthma |
Reversible obstructive disease. Extrinsic=allergens intrinsic=exercise,emotional |
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Early and late symptoms of adult asthma? |
Early: no sputum, wheezing, bronchospasm, inflammation, air trapping (pursed lips) tachypnea, low sounds, tingling Late: stringy sputum |
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Diagnosing asthma |
Low expirations (forced vital capacity test), higher total lung capacity. ABGs during attack: low o2, low co2 (early) and higher in late stages. |
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Diagnosing asthma |
Low expirations (forced vital capacity test), higher total lung capacity. ABGs during attack: low o2, low co2 (early) and higher in late stages. |
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Treatment of adult asthma? |
O2 if hypoxia, relax, fluids, arms up, bend over Meds: albuterol, cromolyn, accolade |
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Name some adventitious breathing sounds and what they indicate. |
Friction rub=creaking Crackles=Velcro sound caused by fluid Wheezes=high pitch constriction Rhonchi=low pitched mucus |
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Antitussive: dextromethorphan (benylin) |
Opioid, cough suppressant, affects medulla Do not use for sputum pts, or with Ssri, Maoi, opioids, grapefruit Side fx: n/v, restless |
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Antitussive: dextromethorphan (benylin) |
Opioid, cough suppressant, affects medulla Do not use for sputum pts, or with Ssri, Maoi, opioids, grapefruit Side fx: n/v, restless |
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Expectorants: guaifenesin (robitussin) |
Decreases cough reflex by thinning mucus |
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Antitussive: dextromethorphan (benylin) |
Opioid, cough suppressant, affects medulla Do not use for sputum pts, or with Ssri, Maoi, opioids, grapefruit Side fx: n/v, restless |
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Expectorants: guaifenesin (robitussin) |
Decreases cough reflex by thinning mucus |
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Mast call stabilizer: cromolyn (intel) |
Maintenance of asthma, brochodilator. Must take before exercise and each day. |
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Antitussive: dextromethorphan (benylin) |
Opioid, cough suppressant, affects medulla Do not use for sputum pts, or with Ssri, Maoi, opioids, grapefruit Side fx: n/v, restless |
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Expectorants: guaifenesin (robitussin) |
Decreases cough reflex by thinning mucus |
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Mast call stabilizer: cromolyn (intel) |
Maintenance of asthma, brochodilator. Must take before exercise and each day. |
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Leukotriene Inhibitor: zaf (accolate) |
Lessens histamine rxn by decreasing chemical mediators. Take 1 hr before or 2 hrs after eating. Side effects: n/v/d, joint pain, liver toxicity, pharyngitis, runny nose, Churg-strauss syndrome |
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Antitussive: dextromethorphan (benylin) |
Opioid, cough suppressant, affects medulla Do not use for sputum pts, or with Ssri, Maoi, opioids, grapefruit Side fx: n/v, restless |
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Expectorants: guaifenesin (robitussin) |
Decreases cough reflex by thinning mucus |
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Mast call stabilizer: cromolyn (intel) |
Maintenance of asthma, brochodilator. Must take before exercise and each day. |
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Leukotriene Inhibitor: zaf (accolate) |
Lessens histamine rxn by decreasing chemical mediators. Take 1 hr before or 2 hrs after eating. Side effects: n/v/d, joint pain, liver toxicity, pharyngitis, runny nose, Churg-strauss syndrome |
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Steroid: flunoisolide (aerobid) |
Anti inflammatory, inhaled Side effects:osteoporosis |
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Antitussive: dextromethorphan (benylin) |
Opioid, cough suppressant, affects medulla Do not use for sputum pts, or with Ssri, Maoi, opioids, grapefruit Side fx: n/v, restless |
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Expectorants: guaifenesin (robitussin) |
Decreases cough reflex by thinning mucus |
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Mast call stabilizer: cromolyn (intel) |
Maintenance of asthma, brochodilator. Must take before exercise and each day. |
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Leukotriene Inhibitor: zaf (accolate) |
Lessens histamine rxn by decreasing chemical mediators. Take 1 hr before or 2 hrs after eating. Side effects: n/v/d, joint pain, liver toxicity, pharyngitis, runny nose, Churg-strauss syndrome |
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Steroid: flunoisolide (aerobid) |
Anti inflammatory, inhaled Side effects:osteoporosis |
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Beta agonist: albuterol (proventil) |
Rescue, brochodilator, Do not give if heart rate over 120 |
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Antitussive: dextromethorphan (benylin) |
Opioid, cough suppressant, affects medulla Do not use for sputum pts, or with Ssri, Maoi, opioids, grapefruit Side fx: n/v, restless |
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Expectorants: guaifenesin (robitussin) |
Decreases cough reflex by thinning mucus |
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Mast call stabilizer: cromolyn (intel) |
Maintenance of asthma, brochodilator. Must take before exercise and each day. |
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Leukotriene Inhibitor: zaf (accolate) |
Lessens histamine rxn by decreasing chemical mediators. Take 1 hr before or 2 hrs after eating. Side effects: n/v/d, joint pain, liver toxicity, pharyngitis, runny nose, Churg-strauss syndrome |
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Steroid: flunoisolide (aerobid) |
Anti inflammatory, inhaled Side effects:osteoporosis |
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Beta agonist: albuterol (proventil) |
Rescue, brochodilator, Do not give if heart rate over 120 |
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Penicillin G |
Works well with gram positive bacteria (must confirm with disc diffusion) |
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Antitussive: dextromethorphan (benylin) |
Opioid, cough suppressant, affects medulla Do not use for sputum pts, or with Ssri, Maoi, opioids, grapefruit Side fx: n/v, restless |
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Expectorants: guaifenesin (robitussin) |
Decreases cough reflex by thinning mucus |
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Mast call stabilizer: cromolyn (intel) |
Maintenance of asthma, brochodilator. Must take before exercise and each day. |
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Leukotriene Inhibitor: zaf (accolate) |
Lessens histamine rxn by decreasing chemical mediators. Take 1 hr before or 2 hrs after eating. Side effects: n/v/d, joint pain, liver toxicity, pharyngitis, runny nose, Churg-strauss syndrome |
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Steroid: flunoisolide (aerobid) |
Anti inflammatory, inhaled Side effects:osteoporosis |
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Beta agonist: albuterol (proventil) |
Rescue, brochodilator, Do not give if heart rate over 120 |
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Penicillin G |
Works well with gram positive bacteria (must confirm with disc diffusion) |
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Cephalosporin ; 1-4 generation |
Side effects: kidney toxicity, cardiac, GI |
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Antitussive: dextromethorphan (benylin) |
Opioid, cough suppressant, affects medulla Do not use for sputum pts, or with Ssri, Maoi, opioids, grapefruit Side fx: n/v, restless |
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Expectorants: guaifenesin (robitussin) |
Decreases cough reflex by thinning mucus |
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Mast call stabilizer: cromolyn (intel) |
Maintenance of asthma, brochodilator. Must take before exercise and each day. |
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Leukotriene Inhibitor: zaf (accolate) |
Lessens histamine rxn by decreasing chemical mediators. Take 1 hr before or 2 hrs after eating. Side effects: n/v/d, joint pain, liver toxicity, pharyngitis, runny nose, Churg-strauss syndrome |
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Steroid: flunoisolide (aerobid) |
Anti inflammatory, inhaled Side effects:osteoporosis |
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Beta agonist: albuterol (proventil) |
Rescue, brochodilator, Do not give if heart rate over 120 |
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Penicillin G |
Works well with gram positive bacteria (must confirm with disc diffusion) |
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Cephalosporin ; 1-4 generation |
Side effects: kidney toxicity, cardiac, GI |
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Fluoroquinolones: (cipro) |
Inhibits dna replication of bacteria Side effects: tendon rupture, GI, cardiac, less bone marrow, photosensitivity, back up birth control |
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Antitussive: dextromethorphan (benylin) |
Opioid, cough suppressant, affects medulla Do not use for sputum pts, or with Ssri, Maoi, opioids, grapefruit Side fx: n/v, restless |
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Expectorants: guaifenesin (robitussin) |
Decreases cough reflex by thinning mucus |
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Mast call stabilizer: cromolyn (intel) |
Maintenance of asthma, brochodilator. Must take before exercise and each day. |
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Leukotriene Inhibitor: zaf (accolate) |
Lessens histamine rxn by decreasing chemical mediators. Take 1 hr before or 2 hrs after eating. Side effects: n/v/d, joint pain, liver toxicity, pharyngitis, runny nose, Churg-strauss syndrome |
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Steroid: flunoisolide (aerobid) |
Anti inflammatory, inhaled Side effects:osteoporosis |
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Beta agonist: albuterol (proventil) |
Rescue, brochodilator, Do not give if heart rate over 120 |
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Penicillin G |
Works well with gram positive bacteria (must confirm with disc diffusion) |
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Cephalosporin ; 1-4 generation |
Side effects: kidney toxicity, cardiac, GI |
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Fluoroquinolones: (cipro) |
Inhibits dna replication of bacteria Side effects: tendon rupture, GI, cardiac, less bone marrow, photosensitivity, back up birth control |
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Beta-lactamase inhibitor: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid |
Destroys rings |
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Antitussive: dextromethorphan (benylin) |
Opioid, cough suppressant, affects medulla Do not use for sputum pts(asthma and emphysema), or with Ssri, Maoi, opioids, grapefruit, do not use if under 6 Side fx: n/v, restless, liver toxicity |
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Expectorants: guaifenesin (robitussin) |
Decreases cough reflex by thinning mucus Do not use for smokers cough Take with water |
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Mast call stabilizer: cromolyn (intel) |
Maintenance of asthma, brochodilator, lowers vascular permeability . 2 wks for action. Must take before exercise and each day. Side fx: cough dry mouth |
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Leukotriene Inhibitor: zafirlukast (accolate) |
Lessens histamine rxn by decreasing chemical mediators. Take 1 hr before or 2 hrs after eating. Side effects: n/v/d, joint pain, liver toxicity, pharyngitis, runny nose, Churg-strauss syndrome Do not use if prego, or allergic to povidone lactose cellulose |
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Steroid: flunoisolide (aerobid) |
Anti inflammatory, inhaled, inhibits production of mediators. Used for copd and asthma maintenance (taken daily) Side effects:osteoporosis sore throat dry mouth superinfection growth suppressor |
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Beta 2 agonist: albuterol (proventil) |
Rescue, brochodilator, affects heart and lungs (cns stimulant) Do not give if heart rate over 120 avoid caffeine Side fx: urticaria, angioedema, rebound broncho, nervousness |
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Beta agonist: albuterol (proventil) |
Rescue, brochodilator, Do not give if heart rate over 120 |
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Penicillin G |
Works well with gram positive bacteria (must confirm with disc diffusion) |
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Cephalosporin ; 1-4 generation |
Side effects: kidney toxicity, cardiac, GI |
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Fluoroquinolones: (cipro) |
Inhibits dna replication of bacteria Side effects: tendon rupture, GI, cardiac, less bone marrow, photosensitivity, back up birth control |
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Beta-lactamase inhibitor: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid |
Destroys rings |
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What are the most common adverse effects of respiratory meds? |
Cough, sore throat, urinary retention, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision |
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What medications treat emphysema and chronic bronchitis? |
Brochodilator s, steroids, abx diuretics, mucolytics, expectorants |
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What does a peak flow meter measure? |
Highest airflow during forced expiration |
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How does pursed lips help? |
It prevents air trapping |
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Normal pulmonary assessment |
Lateral diameter greater than Anteroposterior |
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Which breath sounds should the nurse chart? |
Vesicular |
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Which tests should the nurse screen for an iodine allergy? |
Lung scan and pulmonary angiography |
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What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration? |
It contracts and flattens |
