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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Assist control ventilation? |
ventilator delivers a preset Vt at a preset frequency. When the patient initiates a spontaneous breath, the preset Vt is delivered. |
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Circulatory assist devices? |
"Intraaortic balloon pump" "Ventricular assist device"
used to decrease cardiac work and improve oxygen perfusion in patients with heart failure when drug therapy is not working. |
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Continuous positive airway pressure? |
"CPAP"
restores FRC and is similar to PEEP.
difference is air is continuous and prevents patient's airway pressure from falling to zero |
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Endotracheal intubation? |
tube placed in the trachea via the mouth or nose.
more common in ICU patients than a TRACH. |
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Hemodynamic Monitoring? |
is a measurement of pressure, flow, and oxygenation within the cardiovascular system. Both internal and external measurements are taken in the ICU |
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Intraaortic balloon pump? |
temporary circulation support to the compromised heart by reducing afterload.
Sausage shaped balloon is inserted into the femoral artery, advanced towards the heart, and placed descending thoracic aorta just below the left subclavian artery. |
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Mechanical ventilation? |
The process by which the FIO2 is at 21% or greater and is moved in and out of the lungs by a mechanical ventilator. |
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Negative pressure ventilation? |
involves the use of chambers that encase the chest or body and surround it with intermittent subatmospheric or negative pressure. The "iron lung" was first used during polio. |
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Positive end-expiratory pressure? |
PEEP
positive pressure is applied to the airway during exhalation. Lung volume during expiration and between breaths is greater than normal with PEEP |
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Positive pressure ventilation? |
primary method used with acutely ill patients
during inspiration the ventilator pushes air into the lungs under positive pressure. |
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Ventricular Assist device? |
short and long term support for failing heart and more mobility than the IABP
They are inserted into the path of blood to augment or replace the action of the ventricle
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How does a typical VAD work? |
shunts blood from the left atrium or ventricle to the device and then to the aorta. Some can be used on the right |
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Volume ventilation? |
predetermined tidal volume is delivered with each inspiration
Tidal volume is consistent from breath to breath but airway pressures will vary. |
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Weaning? |
process of reducing ventilator support and resuming spontaneous ventilation |
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What is critical care nursing? |
dealing with human responses to life threatening problems. |
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RRT? |
rapid response team...
CCN, RT, DR or APN
brings critical care to patients in noncritical units |
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What is a PCU? |
step down units from ICU to general care or discharge |
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The use of PCU's provides ? |
critical care nursing for an at - risk patient population in a more cost effective environment |
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Define critically ill patient? |
one who is at high risk for actual or potential life threatening health problems and needs intense nursing care. |
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3 reasons why a patient is admitted to the ICU? |
physiologically unstable
risk for serious complications and frequent assessments and often invasive interventions
Nursing care for monitoring IV polypharmacy (sedation, thrombos, titrated drugs) and also advanced biotechnology (mechanical ventilation) |
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A patient not expected to recover from an illness placed in the ICU? |
NO |
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High risks for ICU patients? |
VT hospital acquired infections sepsis MODS anxiety, pain, poor communication |
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Hypermetabolic states ? |
burns or sepsis |
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Catabolic states? |
acute renal failure |
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Severely malnourished states? |
chronic cardiac, pulmonary, or liver disease |
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Enteral nutrition early provides less complications, therefore ? |
shorter hospital stays |
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Parenteral nutrition is used when? |
enteral nutrition is unsuccessful. |
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What % of ICU patients have unrelieved moderate to severe pain? |
70% |
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IV sedation drugs include? |
propofol (diprivan)
pain meds : fentanyl (Sublimaze) |
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Sedation vacation? |
patients awakens for you to do a neurological exam |
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Combination of alterations in mentation, psychomotor behavior, sleep wake cycle, has been inappropriately named ICU psychosis... it really is? |
ICU delirium |
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Prevalence of delirium in ICU patients? |
80% |
