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226 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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May be defined as a abnormality of the structure or function of a part, organ or system.
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Disease
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The study of a disease or the theory of its origin
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etiology
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The number of new disease cases appeariing in a particular population during a particular period.
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Incidence
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These diseases are relatively severe but usually last a short time.
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Acute
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These diseases are often less severe but more likely to be continuous & recurring for a long time.
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Chronic
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A disease with an unknown cause
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Idiopathic
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If many people in a given region acquire a certain disease at the same time...ex influenza, small pox, bubonic plague
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Epidemic
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If a disease occurs in a lesser extent but is found continuously in a particular region
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Endemic
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To reach a conclusion to the nature or identity of the illness, to do this the Dr. needs to know the signs & symptoms
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Diagnosis
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disease conditions noted by the patient
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symptoms
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The evidence the doctor or healthcare provider find
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signs
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characteristic signs & symptoms that accompany a disease
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syndrome
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A course of treatment prescribed based on the disorder, can include medications, surgery, radiation, counseling, PT, OT etc
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Therapy
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Body is invaded by pathogens with adverse affects
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Infection
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Any organism that cause disease & infections
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Pathogen
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Transmitted from one person to another, it is contagious, can be transmitted through direct or indirect contact
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Communicable
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Single celled organism that are among the most primitive forms of life. Unique in genetic material with no membrane, dont have a true nuleus & lack organelles
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Bacteria
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bacteria that can grow without oxygen
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Anaerobic
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Bacteria that need oxygen to survive
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aerobic
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What are the 3 shapes of bacteria?
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Round, Rods & curved
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Round bacteria in characteristic arrangements, cause pneumonia, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever
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Cocci
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Round pairs of bacteria, cause gonorrhea, meningitis
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Diplococci
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Round bacteria arranged in chains
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Streptococci
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Round Bacteria found in large clusters ex acne, MRSA
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Staphylococci
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This bacteria is straight & slender rods. They form endospores. They cause tetanus, diptheria, TB, Typhoid fever, Legionaires Disease
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Bacilli
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Short rods that are slightly curved...cause Cholera (bacteria)
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Vibrios
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This curved rod bacteria causes Syphilis & Lyme disease
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Spirochets
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Large groups of simple plant-like organisms...only a few are pathogenic
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Fungi
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Fungal spores can cause...
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pneumonia
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Abnormal state in which part of the body is not properly adjusted or not capable of carrying on all the required functions
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Disease
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Diseases can be caused by ________ or ___________ contact
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Direct or Indirect
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Cause 1/2 of illnesses
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Organisms
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A defect that is present at birth
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Birth Defect
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Study of body structure
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Anatomy
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Occurs throughout the entire country, continent, or world. Ex Aids, Black Death
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Pandemic
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to a lesser extent than an epidemic but it has a tendancy to happen more frequently in a particular area or region ex MS is more common in the North East
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Endemic
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To determine the nature of an illness
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Diagnosis
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this diagnosis is based on medical research, testing, pt history etc & cant be made by a nurse
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Medical Diagnosis
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this is a conclusion made from the nursing assessment, history, observations
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Nurse Diagnosis (Nurses cant make Medical Diagnosis)
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Atered resperations, impaired comfort...this is an example of what..._________ __________
Pneumonia is an example of a _________ ___________ |
Nurse Diagnosis
Medical Diagnosis |
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(Subjective) changes in the body function that is felt by the patient...you know this because they tell you ex my head hurts
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Symptoms
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(Objective) Changes in the body function that can be seen ex a bloody nose
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Signs
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to stop a disease before it happens ex antibiotics before surgery
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prevention
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Capable of producing a disease
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Pathogenic
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Name some types of infections
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Local- restricted to a small area
Systemic- generalized or possibly the whole body, often carried by the blood |
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M.O. are transported from something or someone infected to a susceptable human being
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Mode of Transmission
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this mode of infecion occurs when you touch something that an infected person has touched...ex a door knob
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Indirect
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This is an infected object that someone that was affected touched
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Fomite
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List an example of a fomite
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dirty tissues, a used dressing
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What is your first line of defense against a MO
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Intact skin
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The study of Microorganisms
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Microbiology
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This is the largest group of Microorganisms
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Bacteria
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Highly resistant form of bacteria not easily destroyed, some produce poisons or toxins
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Spores
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Very small bacteria & they exist only in living cells, they are usually spread through direct contact ex from a tick to a human
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Rickettsias
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Very very small bacteria
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Chlamydia
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Fungi include
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yeasts & Mold
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Where do fungi like to live?
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dark damp environments
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What is tinea capitis
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Ringworm of the head
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These are much smaller than bacteria, can only grow in living cells, are resistant to antibiotics
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Viruses
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A virus is usually ____ __________ & will usually resolve its self
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Self limiting
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These one celled animals that are usually found in the soil or water can cause maleria
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Protozoas
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this parasitic worms eggs are very resistant & can live in the soil for a long time before they enter a human host trhough contaminated food
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Roundworms
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These are commonly found in small children & is transferred from fingers to mouth, to intestines & then out the anus which causes itching
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Pinworms
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This worm lives in the small intestine. They live off their hosts blood & can be dangerous as they grow larger
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Hook worms
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condition where no pathogens are present
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Aseptic
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Method that kills pathogens except spores
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disinfection
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Keeps pathogens from multiplying
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Antisepsis
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causes the inability for MO to reproduce but does not kill them
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Bacteriostasis
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Kills MO
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bacteriocidal
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use of a chemical agent to treat a disease
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Chemotherapy
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Chemical substances that kill or arrests the MO
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Antibiotics
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HAI
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Nosocomial or Hospital Acquired infection
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Chemicals used to treat cancer they are harmful to both good & bad cells
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Antineoplastic Agents
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A-
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prefix that means absent or deficient ex afebrile without fever
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AN-
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prefix meaning without ex analgesia- without sense of pain
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AD-
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toward ex adduct move toward the midline
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ANTE-
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before, prior ex antepartum before childbirth
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BRADY-
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slow ex bradycardia slow heartbeat
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CIRCUM-
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around ex circumocular around the eye
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DYS-
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bad, improper, difficult ex dysmenorrhea- difficult menstration
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EPI-
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upon, over ex epidermis outermost layer of skin
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HEMI-
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half ex hemianalgesia loss of sensation in one side of the body
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HYPER-
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above & beyond ex hyperactive excessivly active
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HYPO-
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under, below hypoxia inadequate supply of oxygen
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INTER-
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between intercellular between the cells
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INTRA-
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within intravascular within a cell
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MAL-
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bad or abnormal malnutrition abnormal nutrition
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NEO-
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New neonate newborn
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PERI-
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around perianal around the anus
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POLY-
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many, much polyuria large amounts of urine
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SUB-
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under, below subdural beneath the dura
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SUPER-
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above or excess supersecretion excessive secretions
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TACHY-
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swift or rapid tachycardia rapid heartbeat
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-ALGIA
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painful condition arthralgia painful joint
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-CELE
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swelling, hernia, cavity hydrocele collection of fluid in a saclike cavity
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-ECTOMY
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excision/resection/removal appendectomy removal of veriform appendix
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-GRAM
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recording electrocardiagram recording of the electrical activity of the heart
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-ITIS
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inflammation phlebitis inflammation of a vein
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-OLOGY
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study pathology the study of disease
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-OMA
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tumor myoma tumor composed of muscle tissue
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-OSIS
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condition dermatosis any skin condition
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-PEXY
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fixation orchiopexi a fixation of a testicle
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-PHOBIA
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exaggerated fear photophobia unusual intolerance to light
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-PLASTY
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repair pyloroplasty repair the the pylorus
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-PLEGIA
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paralysis hemiplegia paralysis on one lateral side of the body
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-RRHAGE
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excessive flow hemorrhage copious escape of blood from the vessels
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-RRHAPHY
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suturing in place herniorrhaphy suturing or repair of a hernia
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-RRHEA
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discharge diarrhea frequent discharge of stool from bowels
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-SCOPE
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instrument for examining cytoscope lighted instrument used to examine the urinary bladder
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-STOMY
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artificial opening colostomy articial opening in the colon
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-TOMY
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cut or incision thoractomy incision of the chest wall
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ABDOMIN
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abdomen abdinalgia pain in the abdomen
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ADEN
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gland adenitis inflammation of a gland
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ADIP
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fat adipose pertaining to fat
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ALB
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white albinism total absence of pigment
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ANGI
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relating to a vessel angiocarditis inflammation of heart & great vessels
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ARTER
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artery arteriopathy arterial disease
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ARTHR
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joint arthritis inflammation of the joint
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BRONCH
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larger air passages within the lungs bronchitis inflammation of the bronchial tubes
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CALC
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stone calculus small hard mass
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CARCIN
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cancer carcinogen substance causing cancer
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CARDI
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heart cardiopathy disease of the heart
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CENTI
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puncture amniocentesis puncture for aspiration of amnotic fluid
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CEPHAL
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head endcephalitis inflammation of the brain
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CHOL
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bile cholecystectomy removal of the gall bladder
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CHONDR
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cartilage chondroma tumor of cartilage tissue
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COLO
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colon/bowel colostomy opening in the colon
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CYAN
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blue cyanotic bluish tinge to skin
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CYST
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sac cyst urinary bladder cystocele protrusion of the urinary bladder throught the vaginal wall
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CYT
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cell cytology the study of cells, erthrocyte red blood cells
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DERM
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skin dermatitis inflammation of the skin
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EDE
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swell edematous swollen
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EM
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blood anemia deficiency in red blood cells
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ERYTHR
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red erythrocyte red blood cell
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ESTHE
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perceive feel anesthesia without feeling
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FASCI
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band fascia sheet or band of fibrous tissue
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GASTR
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stomach gastrotomy incision into the stomach
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HEM(AT)
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blood hematoma blood blister or tumor
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HEPAT
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liver hepatitis inflammation of the liver
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HIST
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tissues histocyte tissue cell
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HYSTER
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womb/uterus hysterectomy removal of the uterus
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LEUK
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white leukocytes white blood cells
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LITH
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stone nephrolithotomy incision into the kidney to remove a kidney stone
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MAST
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breast mastitis inflammation of the breast
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MEDI
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middle mediastinum portion of the thoracic cavity in the middle of the thorax separating the two lungs
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MEGA(LY)
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great larg megacolon abnormally large colon
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MELAN
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black or extreme darkness melanoma tumor of pigmented cells
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META
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change or movement mestastasis movement of cancer cells from one part of the body to another
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MY(O)
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muscle myoma tumor composed of muscle tissue
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NARC
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numbness stupor narcotic drug that produces a stuporous state
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NEPHR
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kidney nephrosis disease of the kidney
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NEUR
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nerve neuroma tumor of the nerve
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ORCHID
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testicles orchidectomy removal of a testicle
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OSS, OS, OSTE
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bone ossification formation of the bone
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PATH
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disease pathogen substance capable of causing a disease
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PHLEB
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vein phlebitis inflammation of the vein
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PNE(A)
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breathing apnea the absence of breathing
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PNEUMO
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lung pneumonitis inflammation of the lung
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PROCT
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anus proctoscope instrument for examing the rectum and the distal portion of the colon
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PTO
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fall nephroptosis downward displacement of the kidneys
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PYEL
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basin pelvis pyelopathy disease of the renal pelvis
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PYO
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pus pyogenic producing pus
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SANGUIN
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blood sanguineous pertaining to blood
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SCLERA
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hard sclerosis induration or hardening
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SER
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watery serous pertaining to or resembling serum
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STOM (STOMAT)
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mouth, opening ileostomy artificial opening into the ileum or small intestine
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THORAC
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chest thoractoplasty plastic surgery of the thorax
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URO
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urine, urinary organs or tract urometer instrument used to measure specific gravity of urine
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VAS
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vessel vascular pertaing to vessels
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Myology is the study of
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muscles
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Infectious organisms are believed to play a part in at least ____of all human illnesses
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1/2
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worms are also called
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Helminths
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The tuberculosis organism is said to be
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rod shaped
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An oral yeast infection is said to be
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Thrush
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One danger of antibiotics is the developement of a _______infection
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secondary
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Rod shaped bacteria cells are known as
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Bacillus
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Beneath or below some part of a structure
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inferior
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At or near the midline of the body or parts
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Medial
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Abnormally large colon
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Megacolon
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suffix artificial opening
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ostomy
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root word for liver
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hepato
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at or near the back surface of the body or its parts
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DORSAL
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Incision of a vein
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phlebotomy
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Pertains to large interior organs
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Visceral
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Prefix peri means
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around
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part furthest from the point of attachment
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distal
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Intolerance to light
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photophobia
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After surgery
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post op
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Suffix for paralysis
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plegia
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Four times a day abbreviation
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QID
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At or near the front surface of the body
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ventral
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Suffix for excision
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ectomy
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Inflammation of the bronchial tubes
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Bronchitis
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Bedside commode abbreviation
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BSC
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Away from the midline
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lateral
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root word for slow
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brady
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root word for red
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erythr
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Pertaining to the head or skull
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cranial
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Nothing by mouth abbreviation
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NPO
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Twice a day abbreviation
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BID
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Lying face up
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supine
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move toward the midline
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adduction
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hollow place or space in the structure
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cavity
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root word for blue
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cyan
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face down
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prone
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Outermost layer of the skin
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epidermis
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Inside of the abdomen
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intraabdominal
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study of tissue
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histology
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artificial opening into the colon
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colostomy
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inflammation of the stomach
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gastritis
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study of blood
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hematology
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inflammation of the skin
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dermatitis
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inflammation of a joint
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arthritis
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incision into a bone
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osteotomy
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urinary bladder
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urocyst
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tumor of the muscle tissue
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myoma
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inflammation of a nerve
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neuritis
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cancerous tumor of a gland
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adenocarcinoma
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difficulty breathing
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dyspnea
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absence of breathing
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apnea
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new opening into the stomach
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gastrostomy
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tumor involving a nerve
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neuroma
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inflammation of a gland
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adenitis
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between cells
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intracellular
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removal of a kidney
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nephrectomy
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incision into the chest wall
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thoractomy
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