Med Surg Cardiac

Front 1

Central venous pressure reflects what?

Back 1

It reflects right ventricle preload a

Front 2

A CVP of greater than 8 can indicate

Back 2

Hypervolemia or right side HF

Front 3

A CVP of less than 2 indicates

Back 3

A reduction in preload or hypovolemia

Front 4

Pulmonary artery pressure measures what! ?

Back 4

The cardiac output and right atrial, PA systolic and diastolic , and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures

Front 5

In a PAP a pulmonary artery wedge and diastolic pressures are used more because ?

Back 5

They reflect ventricular preload

Front 6

An atrial gallop (s4) heard indicates ?

Back 6

Hypertensive heart disease

Front 7

An Ventricular gallop (s3) indicates

Back 7

Heart failure in an adult

Front 8

Murmurs

Back 8

Turbulent blood flow through diseased heart valves

That allow regurgitation

Front 9

A Doppler ultrasound is used to rule out?

Back 9

Obstruction of blood flow to the extremities or head do to thrombus and to determine if there is atherosclerosis

Front 10

A grading sound (friction rub ) indicates

Back 10

Pericarditis

Front 11

Normal sodium leves

Back 11

135-145

Front 12

Normal potassium levels

Back 12

3.3-4.9

Front 13

Normal calcium levels

Back 13

8.9-10.3

Front 14

Normal magnesium levels

Back 14

1.3-2.2

Front 15

Chest pain, dizziness, syncope, LOC changes, palpitations/tachycardia, edema, wt gain, sob, DOE, fatigue

Back 15

Heart condition

Front 16

Pressure the heart must pump against to force blood from left side of heart to the aorta and major arteries

Back 16

Systole

Front 17

Pressure required to allow filling of the ventricles before the next cycle

Back 17

Diástole

Front 18

What can happen if the left ventricle is forced to increase workload placed on the ventricle as it contracts against higher systemic pressure

Back 18

Left ventricle hyper trophy

Front 19

For Pts with an uncomplicated hypertension the med initiated is

Back 19

Thiazide diuretic

Front 20

For Pts with hypertension and diabetes/HF/cardiovascular disease the meds can be

Back 20

ACE inhibitors or ARB inhibitors

Front 21

With Pts with pulmonary diseases and heart cardiovascular heart disease and HF

Back 21

Beta blockers

Front 22

Left ventricular hypertrophy, renal failure, MI, HF ,stroke , and impaired vision can all be caused by ?

Back 22

Prolonged high blood pressure

Front 23

What test measures EF and is evaluates structure of heart?

Back 23

Echocardiogram used to diagnosed HF

Front 24

Pulmonary edema on chest, crackles,wheezes, hemoptysis, SOB, dyspnea, orthopnea

Change in LoC

Back 24

Left heart failure

Front 25

Peripheral edema , jugular vein distensión, hepatosplenomegy, increased abd girth (ascites)

Back 25

Right sided Heart failure

Front 26

The fraction of blood ejected from the ventricle with each contraction ( volume immediately prior to contraction/ volume of blood in the ventricle immediately after contraction)

Back 26

Ejection Factor

Normal is 55-65 percent

Front 27

Deceased contraction ( so decrease blood pumped out) because of weakened muscle of heart

Incomplete emptying of the heart

Back 27

Systolic HF

Causes severe reduced EF

Front 28

Decreased filling due to stiff noncompliant muscle. EF is normal cuz the blood that does go in is ejected out just fine

Back 28

Diastolic HF

Front 29

Fluid flows from a region of

Back 29

Higher pressure to one of lower pressure

Front 30

The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in liters per min

Back 30

Cardiac output

Front 31

The amount of blood ejected with each heart beat

Back 31

Stroke volume

Front 32

The pressure generated in the ventricles at the end of distole and the resulting stretching of the muscle fibers

Back 32

Preload

Front 33

The amount of resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle

Back 33

After load

Front 34

What are the 6 signs and symptoms of an acute obstruction of arterial blood flow in the extremities

Back 34

Pain, pallos, puslessness, paresthesia, poikilothermia, and paralysis

Front 35

In a normal range, the diastole is

Back 35

Twice as long as the systole

Front 36

Snaps and clicks can indicated

Back 36

Opening and closing of diseased valves leaflets

Systolic clicks are high pitched heard in systole

Front 37

Cramping pain in the leg induced my exercise typically caused by obstruction of the arteries. Pain goes away at rest

Back 37

Claudication

Front 38

Persistent pain in the anterior portion of the foot at rest that can worsen at night and indicates significant arterial insufficiency and a critical state of ischemia

Back 38

Rest pain

Front 39

In DHF, less blood volume in the ventricles causes what?

Back 39

Decreased CO

Front 40

When the HR is rapid the stroke vol does what?

Back 40

Decreased because the ventricle has less time to fill

Front 41

Displacement of the apical pulse left and downward from its normal location is caused by what's ?

Back 41

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Front 42

An elevation in jugular venous pressure is caused by what?

Back 42

Right sided HF

Front 43

Cardiomegaly determines what

Back 43

Systolic dysfunction

Front 44

When decreased CO levels leads to inadequate tissue perfusion what can happen

Back 44

Cardiogenic shock

Front 45

The pulmonary artery wedge pressure estimates what

Back 45

Left arterial pressure

Front 46

An increase in pericardial fluid does what

Back 46

Raises the pressure within the pericardial sac and compresses the heart.

Front 47

The sudden drop in BP when going from lying to sitting up or standing

Back 47

Orthostatic hypertension

Front 48

A feeling of lightheadedness and dizziness when going from a lying position to a sitting or standing up position

Back 48

Postural hypotension

Front 49

Do not take grape fruit or juice if taking

Back 49

Lovastatin and simvastatin

Front 50

Measurement of blood pumped out of the ventricles with each heart beat

Back 50

ejection fraction

Normal is

50-70%

Front 51

What causes Mi

Back 51

Atherosclerosis

Occluded coronary artery perfusion > decreased perfusion leads to ischemia and cardiac cell death> decrease oxygen supply increases the demand for oxygen and tachycardia happens and arrhythmia

Cardiac cell death is permanent

Front 52

S/sx of decreased cardiac output

Back 52

Tachypnea, SoB,dyspnea, orthopnea,crackles, wheezles,dry and productive cough,decrease Urine output, ascites, fatigue, syncope, edema, jdv s3 gallop, murmurs, cool skin,hypotension, displacement of PMI, delayed cap refill

Front 53

When there is MI you do CPR or MONA, what is mona

Back 53

Morphine,oxygen,nitrogen,aspirin

Front 54

Implies that stats in the ventricles without stimulus through the normal channels of the conduction system, can feel like "skipped a beat"

Back 54

Premature ventricular complex