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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a stroke?
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Destruction of brain cells caused by a reduction in cerebral blood flow and O2
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What does complete recovery from a stroke depend on?
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It depends on circulation returning to normal to the brain
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A TIA is what? (transient ischemic attack)
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A brief period of neurological deficit. It resmbles a stroke but usually resolves within 24hrs
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What is a worning sign of a stroke?
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a TIA (transient ischemic attack
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What are the causes of a stroke?
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Thrombosis, embolus or a cerebral hemorrhage
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What is the most common cause of thrombosis?
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Atherosclerosis. Individuals with atherosclerosis, diabetes, or hypertension
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What is the 2nd most common cause of a stroke
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embolus. Occlusion of blood vesssel in brain by a clot.
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An individual's risk factor for getting an embolus is what?
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A-fib. or other arrhythmias, endocarditis, or pt who had heart surgery or ortho surgery or childbirth
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Embolus usually develop ______ &__________warning.
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rapidly and without warning
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What are the main risk factors for a stroke (Brain attack)? that a pt can modify
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Hypertension, atherosclerosis,
^cholesterol, diabetes, heavy alcohol, sedentary life, smoking, obesity, A-Fib |
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What are the 3 main risk factors for a stroke that are not modifiable?
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age (doubles each decade over 55, male, race (black, hispanic, indian)
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What is the most important modifiable risk factor for a stroke?
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Hypertension--The cause of hypertension is atherosclerosis.
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What do the s/s depend on with a stroke?
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The s/s depend on the artery location.
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What are the s/s of a stroke?
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hemiplegia, dysphagia, alexia, aphasia, homonymous hemianopsia, bladder disorder, visual, sensory & spatial difficulties, altered reflexes, learning impairment, change in consciousness, emotional deficits
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What is hemiplagia?
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paralysis on the opposite side of the lesion
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What is hemiparesis?
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musclular weakness on one side of the body
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What is dysphagia?
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impaired swallowing
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What is alexia?
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the inability to comprehend written words
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What is dyslexia?
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inability to read written words
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What is aphasia?
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language function impairment
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What is aphasia?
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language function impairment. (read, write, speak, interpret)
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What is expressive aphasia?
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difficulty communication w/others--speaking & writing--incorrect words
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what is it called when a pt has difficulties understanding what others are saying or reading comprehension?
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Receptive aphasia
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What is it called when a pt has difficulty speaking, writing & interpreting speach & reading?
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expressive-receptive aphasia
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What is the difficulty in speaking because of paralysis to face muscles?
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dysarthria
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What is homonymous hemianopsia?
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the loss of half of visual fiels.
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During a stroke what side of vision is lost?
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the same side as the paralyzed side of the body
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What side is affected in a pt with a stroke?
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paralysis on opposite side of lesion.
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If a pt has ptosis, what side is affected?
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same side as lesion
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What is ptosis?
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drooping eyelids
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What is diplopia?
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double vision
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Why would a person who had a stroke have disorders of the bladder and/or bowel?
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because of confusion or inability to communicate needs
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What is it called when a person is not able to determine the distance reated to touch or has imability to perceive position & motion of body parts
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Visiual, sensory, & spatial difficulties--proprioception
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What is the treatment aimed at for a pt who had a stroke?
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to limit the extension of the stroke and prevent complications
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How is a stroke diagnosed?
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with a CT scan: or a MRI, carotid doppler, ultrasound, lumbar puncture(bloody if intracranial hemorrhage occured)
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What are the medications used to treat strokes?
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rtPA, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulant therapy,
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What is important to remember when giving the thrombolytic therapy rtPA?
(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) |
must be administered w/3 hrs.
need ct/mri first contraindication: hx bleeding, low platelet count, or prothrombin time, taking anticoagulants, high BP. |
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What percent of stroke pt are able to recieve rtPA?
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only about 3-10%.
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Does rtPA improve survival & outcome of a pt who had a stroke?
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Yes rtPA, thrombolytic therapy improves survival & outcome but must be given within 3 hrs of s/s
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Why would a stroke pt have emotional deficits?
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because loss of self control & social inhibitions. They have a decrease in stress tolerance, fear, hostility, frustration, anger, depression, withdrawal & feeling of isolation
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