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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ecchymosis |
Bleeding into Joint |
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Cardinal signs of inflammation |
Erythema Edema Pain Heat |
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Tomogram |
Imaging to view slices of body |
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Stages of Fracture Healing |
Hematoma Proliferation (Fibrocartilage soft callus) Callus formation (Osteoblasts) Ossification Consolidation and Remodeling (resorbed) |
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Spina Bifida |
Congenital Neural Tube Defect -Occulta = asymptomatic incomplete arch -Meningocele = meninges protrude, infection -Myelomeningiocele = Meninges and SC protrude, truncal hypotonia and issues with functional mobility |
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Arnold Chiari Malformation |
Pressure on the cerebellum due to neural tube defects. Cerebellum and Brain stem extend into foramen magnum Can block CSF which requires a Shunt Associated with Spina Bifida |
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Balloon Kyphoplasty |
Used to repair compression fractures of the spine **Osteoporosis |
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Muscular Dystrophy |
X-linked recessive mutation in Dystophin Gene -Sarcolema damaged during contraction leading to progressive weakness -Lack of muscle growth, weakness, waddling gait, increased lumbar lordosis -Dx with EMG and blood test for CK levels |
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Osteogenesis Imperfecta |
"Brittle Bone Disease" Congenital autosomal -Defective osteoblasts -High risk of fractures; bones bow during WB -May be treated with Intermedullary Rods *Type I = Most Common and Mild **Type II = Most severe; neonatal death |
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Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease |
Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral epiphysis -Unilateral jumping sports cause trauma to the ligamentum teres and the artery in it leading to loss of blood and necrosis -Stage 1 = quiet, 2 = Pain, 3 = Non-WB revascular **Limit ER and ABD deformity by returning pt leg to neutral |
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Osteoporosis |
Bone resorption > Deposit -Postmenopausal women -Increased compression fractures -Risk factor management = PREVENT FALLS |
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Schmorls Node |
Protrusion of Nucleus Pulposus into adjacent vertebral body |
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Osteomyelitis |
Infection in the medullary cavity of bones -Common after Open Fx and Total Joint Replacements **Pain Increases with WB -Need IV antibiotics; may remove joint prosth -See increased sclerosis to try to contain infection |
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Septic Arthritis |
Infection in the Joint **Med Emergency -Presents with acute joint pain, swelling, and systemic symptoms like fever -Similar to osteomyelitis but more acute onset and in joint |
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Osteoid osteoma |
Benign vascular osteoblastic lesion of long bone -Dull aching joint pain -May look like overuse but NIGHT PAIN -Dx with CT and treated with excision of nidus (point of tumor) |
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Osteoblastoma |
Benign larger tumor in the long bones and spine -Risk of pathologic fx -Treated with excision and curettage -Osteolytic tumor with sclerotic border -Tends to expand |
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Osteosarcoma |
Malignant Tumor that attacks bones in active growth phase **Distal Femur -May need to amputate |
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Metastatic Bone Tumors |
Mets usually from the Breast and Prostate to the bones of the pelvis and spine -may NOT have bone pain -diagnosed with bone scans |
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Osteoarthritis |
Articular cartilage break down causing chronic pain at joints -Usually Hip, knee, or lumbar spine, unilateral -Cartilage thins, joint space narrows, osteophytes form, decreased ROM, joint may fuse -Treatment with NSAIDS and Joint Replacement -Starts at the center of the joint and moves to periphery |
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Heberden's Nodes |
Osteoarthritic nodes at the distal joint of the fingers |
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____ arthritis is Unilateral; _____ arthritis is Bilateral |
Osteoarthritis; Rheumatoid arthritis |
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Rheumatoid Arthritis |
Autoimmune disease causing inflammation and pain at the joints -Symmetrical, multiple joints **Atlantoaxial instability -Boutonniere and Swan Neck Hand Deformity -Starts at peripheral joint (synovial membrane) and moves centrally |
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Boutonniere Deformity |
Hand deformity seen in Rheumatoid Arthritis Inflammation of PIP joints |
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Swan Neck Deformity |
Finger deformity common in Rheumatoid Arthritis DIP Hyperflexion with PIP hyperextension |
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Ankylosing Spondylitis |
Symmetrical chronic inflammation of large peripheral joints leading to fusion **recumbent is WORSE for pain, better with activity -Treat with TNF-blocking meds -Strengthen back extensors to avoid flexion contracture in posture (Breathing) |
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Sjogren's |
Insufficient Moisture production in Salivary and Tear glands
**Autoimmune disorder -PT = guided exercise balancing Rest with ex to overcome fatigue and aching joints -Aerobic > resistance exercise |
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Myotubular Myopathy (Mitochondrial Myopathy) |
Rare Muscle Wasting Disorder
1. X-Linked = most severe, birth 2. Autosomal Recessive = childhood 3. Autosomal Dominant = Least severe, 1 or 2 decade of life -Earlier onset = worse prognosis |
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Gout |
Urate crystals in joint space
-Rapid onset of Exquisite pain -Diagnose by extracting synovial fluid -Usually 1st MTP joint and pain at night |
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Osteonecrosis |
Death of Bone due to ischemia (blood clot or trauma) -Femoral head, Talus, Scaphoid, and proximal humerous are common sites -Dx with radiographs |
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Differential Dx Acronym INDICATES |
Infectious Neoplastic, Neurologic, Neglect Drug Effect, Diet, Dermatologic Inflammatory, Idiopathic Cardiovascular, Non-Comlpiance Autoimmune, Allergy, Abuse Trauma Endocrine Social, Psychological, Sexual, Skeletal |
