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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some drugs that can kill toddlers with 1 or 2 doses?
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CCB, beta-blockers, cyclic antidepressants, sulfonylureas
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What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?
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N-acetylcysteine
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What is the perferred form of decontamination?
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Activated charcoal
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What disease are Heberden's nodes seen in?
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Osteoarthritis (along with Bouchard's nodes)
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What is Glucosamine/chondroitin used for?
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Moderate to severe pain in OA
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What are panic disorders treated with?
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Psychotherapy and antidepressants (SSRI's are first line)
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If a pt complains that they experience tachycardia, sweating, etc. whenever they get on a plane, what is the probable problem?
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Specific phobia - of flying
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What are the two types of antipsychotics?
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Typical and atypical
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What SE do the high potency typical anti-psychotics commonly cause? Low potency?
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High potency: EPS
Low potency: sedation, hypotension, decreased seizure threshold |
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What antipsychotic agent is used 2nd line because of the risk of causing agranulocytosis?
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Clozapine
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What antipsychotic decreases recurrent suicidal behavior?
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Clozapine
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What antipsychotic can be used for Tourette's?
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Pimozide
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If a pt experiences extra-pyramidal movements as a result of an anti-psychotic, how is this treated?
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Anticholinergics agents: Benztropine, diphenhydramine, trihexyphenidyl
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If a pt experiences neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) as a result of an anti-psychotic, how is this treated?
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Dantrolene
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What anti-psychotics are available in injectable forms?
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Haloperidol, fluphenazine, risperidone (good for non-compliant pts)
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Which antipsychotic has the lowest risk of side effects?
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Aripiprazole (atypical anti-psychotic)
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Compare dementia and delirium.
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Dementia = chronic, associated with multiple congnitive deficits
Delirium = acute, loss of consciousness |
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What gene is most likely mutated in schizophrenia? Action?
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Dysbindin - inhibits vesicle transport; in schizophrenia, see decreased levels of dysbindin in hippocampus leading to excitotoxicity
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What is the MOA of typical antipsychotics?
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They block the DA type 2 post-synaptic receptior (and somewhat inhibit 5-HT receptors)
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What is the MOA of atypical antipsychotics?
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They block the 5-HT receptors (and somewhat the DA receptor)
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What is a sentinel event?
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Usually a suddent and significant event that signals a profound change in the life of an older adult. (ex. falls, fractures, serious infections, confused acts, unacceptable behavior)
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What are the key side effects seen with tricyclic antidepressants?
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Cardiovascular (ortho hypotension and dysrhythmias)
Anticholinergic (dry mouth, urinary retention/consiptaion, blurred vision) CNS (sedation/fatigue / dizziness/seizures) |
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What are the 'three C/s' of toxic ingestion of tricyclic antidepressants?
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Coma, cardiotoxicity and convulsions
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What are the types of bipolar disorder?
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Bipolar I: manic episodes; may experience psychotic symptoms
Bipolar II: hypomanic apisodes w/o psychotic symptoms Mixed state: an episode of bipolar that simultaneously presents w/symptoms of depression and mania |
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What is cyclothymic disorder?
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Chronic bipolar disorder consising of short periods of mild depression and short periods of hypomania; symptoms last a few days to a few weeks; separated by periods of normal mood (<2mo); symptoms present for >2yrs
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What is the first line drug used for bipolar disorders? What else can be used?
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1st line: Lithium
Other: valproic acid/divalproex, lamotrigine, carbamazepine |
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What disorders involves hemangioblastomas of the kidney and cerebellum and is associated with renal cell carcinoma?
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Von Hippel-Lindau Disease (VHL)
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What disorder invovles an increased number of red blood cells causing the pt to give blood frequently?
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Polycythemia vera
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What are the diagnostic features of Crohn's Disease?
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*Giant cells making granulomas
*Fistulas *XR: string sign and apple core sign *Transmural involvement of the colon wall (ulcers are deep) *M/C location is in ileocecal valve *Involves skip lesions *Creeping fat |
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Where is the M/C place for ulcerative colitis to occur?
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Rectum and sigmoid colon
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What is metaplasia?
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Where one type of epithelium is replaced by another (squamous --> columnar)
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What disease is involves a decreased level of dystrophin in muscle cells?
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Becker's muscular dystrophy (mild form of Duchenne's)
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What is the difference between Duchenne's and Becker's muscular dystrophy?
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If the pt is still walking when they're 16, it's Becker's, not Duchenne's (Becker's is a point mutation rather than a whole absense)
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