Med Psych Smoking

Front 1

How many adults are estimated to be smokers in the US? A) 13%. B) 18.3% C) 20.8% D) 25%

Front 2

Rank the following age groups in terms of smoking prevelance: 18-24 years, 25-44 years, 45-64 years, 65 years and older.

Back 2

25-44 years (23.7%), 45-64 years (22.6%), 18-24 years (21.4%), 65 years or older. (9.3%)

Front 3

Who is more likely to be a smoker, a 33 year old, or a 65 year old?

Back 3

The 33 year old. 23.7% of 25-44 year olds smoke, whereas 9.3% of those above the age of 65 smoke.

Front 4

Is smoking more prevelant among men or women?

Back 4

Men (23.1%) are more prevelant than women (18.3%)

Front 5

Who is more at risk to be a smoker, a PhD or a guy taking the GED

Back 5

The guy taking the GED. The test aside, smoking is inversely related to education level.

Front 6

Which adult ethnicity is most at risk for smoking? (American Indians/alaskan natives, whites, blacks, asians, hispanics)?

Back 6

American Indians/native alaskans.

Front 7

Which adult ethnicity is least at risk for smoking? (American Indians/alaskan natives, whites, blacks, asians, hispanics)?

Back 7

Asians

Front 8

Among american children, what ethnicity is most at risk for trying cigarettes? Who is least likely? (white, hispanics, blacks)

Back 8

Whites are most likely to start, followed by hispanics, then blacks.

Front 9

Of the 3,600 youths (age 12-17) who will try their first cigarette TODAY, how many will go on to become daily smokers?

Back 9

1,100, or, around a THIRD.

Front 10

Worldwide, how many people smoke?

Back 10

1.3 Billion. The worlds population is currently around 6.5 billion. So, that’s like 20ish percent?

Front 11

China, with a population of 1.3 billion, has how many people die per year due to cigarettes?

Back 11

1 million people.

Front 12

What area of the globe has the highest percentage of smokers? (europe, Southeast Asia, Eastern mediterranean, Africa, Western Pacific)

Back 12

Western Pacific

Front 13

Roughly how many military personnel are current smokers?

Back 13

32.20%

Front 14

Of the 32% of people in the military who currently smoke, how many STARTED while in the military?

Back 14

37.50%

Front 15

What is the single best predictor of early discharge from the military?

Back 15

Smoking status.

Front 16

Who is more at risk to be a smoker, an E-3 or an O-5?

Back 16

An E-3

Front 17

WITHIN the military, how is more likely to be a smoker. An 18-24 year old male or a 45-64 year old? How does this compare to the civilian world?

Back 17

While in the military, an 18-24 year old male is MORE likely than a 45-64 year old male to smoke (38% to 29%) The OPPOSITE is true in the civilain world, where a 45-64 year old is slightly more prone to smoking than an 18-24 year old (22.6% to 21.4%)

Front 18

What age range has the highest prevelance of smokers in the military?

Back 18

young, 18-24 year olds.

Front 19

True or false, men and women within the military use smokeless tobacco about equally

Back 19

FALSE, whereas smokeless tobacco prevealnce among men ranges form 16 to 5%, depending on age, women are pretty much at 1% throughout all age ranges.

Front 20

How does smoking prevelance between men and women compare within the military for various age ranges?

Back 20

Among youths in the military, aged 18-24, prevelance of smoking in men is 29%, whereas women are 14%. Smoking amongst older generations dwindles steadily in men, yet remains roughly the same in women, until at age range 45 to 64 years of age, prevelance in men is 15% whereas women are at 12%.

Front 21

Between 1965 and the present, what is the overall trend amongst whites and blacks in regards to smoking prevelance?

Back 21

In 1965, both were around 42.1-45% smoking prevelance. Overtime, prevelance within each group steadily declined until 2008 in which whites and blacks have smoking prevelance of 22% and 21.3% respectivly. (Total prevelance cut in half)

Front 22

Between 1965 and the present, what is the overall trend of smoking prevelance amongst men and women?

Back 22

Whie men in 1965 had a prevelance of 51.9%, women only had a prevelance of 33.1%. Since then, the prevelance amongst men has dropped steeply to 23%, and women have steadily declined to 18.3%. Overall, whereas half of men and a quarter of women smoked in 1965, now only 20% of each smoke.

Front 23

Among which service is HEAVY smoking most prevelant? Heavy smoking is defined as one or more packs a day

Back 23

Army

Front 24

Among which service is ANY smoking most prevelant?

Back 24

Army

Front 25

Which service has the most smokers? Who is second? Third?

Back 25

Army, Marines, Navy

Front 26

While the army and the marine corps hold the most smokers overall in the DOD, if sociodemographic differences among the services are held constant, what two services take the lead?

Back 26

Army, again, then Navy.

Front 27

About how many people does tobacco kill each year within the US? How about in the world?

Back 27

440,000 (That’s 1 out of every 5 deaths) in the US. In the world, 5 million die a year.

Front 28

A smoker has a (20%, 40%, 60% 100%) greater chance of dying prematurely than a non-smoker

Back 28

100%

Front 29

True or false, overall mortality ratios are not proportional to duration of cigarette smoking, but rather if the person does or does not smoke in general.

Back 29

False, the longer one smokes, the greater the risk of dying prematurely.

Front 30

True or false, mortality risk from cardiovascular disease decreases with time from quitting

Back 30

TRUE

Front 31

The chief contributor to mortality associated with smoking is what cardiovascular insult: A) Aortic Anuerysm. B) Stroke. C) Coronary Heart Disease. D) Acute Hypertensive Crisis

Back 31

C) coronary heart disease

Front 32

True or false. A smoker with a non-life threatening disease is at risk for more marked symptoms and will most likely remain sicker for longer periods of time than would a nonsmoker

Back 32

TRUE

Front 33

Lung cancer is the (1st, 2nd, 3rd) leading contributor to mortality associated with cigarette smoking

Back 33

Second. Coronary heart disease is first and COPD is third.

Front 34

True or false, breast cancer still surpasses lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer related deaths in women

Back 34

False, lung cancer surpassed breast cancer. Furthermore, 90 of lung cancer deaths in women smokers are attributable to smoking.

Front 35

True or false, nicotine will be found in breast milk

Back 35

TRUE

Front 36

Outside of cancers of the airway (larynx, oral cavity, nasal passages, esophagus, lungs) what are some other cancers to which smoking can be attributed?

Back 36

Cancers of the stomach, the bladder, the kidneys, the cervix, and pancrease, and leukemia

Front 37

True or false, acute myeloid leukemia is more prevelant amonsgt smokers

Back 37

TRUE

Front 38

Smoking is correlated with an increased risk in which type of diabetes, type I or II?

Back 38

Type II

Front 39

True or false, hypotension is a result of chronic smoking

Back 39

False, Hypertension is. Hypotension is not.

Front 40

True or false, babies born to smokers will be less developed than nonsmoking mothers

Back 40

TRUE

Front 41

True or false, while smoking is related to developmentl issues with a fetus, it does not affect mortality of a neonate

Back 41

False, neonatal death increases directly with increasing levels of maternal smoking during pregnancy.

Front 42

Approximatly how many people die each year due to second hand smoke? (10,000, 50,000, 100,000, 150,000)

Back 42

50,000 people die each year from second hand smoke

Front 43

True or false, despite anti-smoking advertisments, misconceptions concerning the risks of smoking is still a significant issue?

Back 43

TRUE

Front 44

Tobacco initiation due to psychosexual development and fixation during oral gratification period of development is which theory: (Psychoanalytical theory, psychosocial theory, social learning theory, arousal model)

Back 44

psychoanalytical thoery

Front 45

Tobacco initiation theory emphasizing psychosocial development during late childhood in which the struggle to overcome inferiority and establish identity are paramount: (Psychoanalytical theory, psychosocial theory, social learning theory, arousal model)

Back 45

Psychosocial development

Front 46

Tobacco initiation thoery emphasizing importance of social influences existing in an individuals world. (Psychoanalytical theory, psychosocial theory, social learning theory, arousal model)

Back 46

Social learning theory

Front 47

Tobacco initiation theory emphasizing individual differences in resting state of physiological arousal and optimal arousal levels. (aka some people need drugs to achieve optimal arousal) (Psychoanalytical theory, psychosocial theory, social learning theory, arousal model)

Back 47

arousal model

Front 48

Tobacco initiation due to problem behavior which is a special case of the transition process of all adolescents. (deviant behavior, rational choice theory, behavioral economics, reinforcing effects of nicotine)

Back 48

Deviant behavior

Front 49

Tobacco initiation due to an individuals ability to make a rational choice, yet that individual does not have all the correct information available to them to make a very educated rational choice (deviant behavior, rational choice theory, behavioral economics, reinforcing effects of nicotine)

Back 49

Rational choice theory

Front 50

Tobacco initiation due to reinforcement value of behaviors varying dependent on enviromental, psychological, and biological influences which alter the value of each behavior and their relative value to each other (deviant behavior, rational choice theory, behavioral economics, reinforcing effects of nicotine)

Back 50

behavioral economics

Front 51

Tobacco initiation due to the fact that nicotine stimulates reward pathways

Back 51

reinforcing effects of nicotine

Front 52

This theory of tobacco initiation follows that overtime, reward pathways diminish while withdrawl pathways grow stronger (Opponent process theory, genetic susceptibility, self-medication model, commonality of appetitive and addictive behaviors.)

Back 52

Opponent process theory

Front 53

This theory tobacco initiation holds tha tobacco is used by individuals to modulate their own moods, arousal, attention, etc.

Back 53

Self medication model

Front 54

This theory of tobacco initiation holds that the individual has an innate sensitivity to rewarding and reinforcing effects of nicotine.

Back 54

genetic susceptibility

Front 55

This theory of tobacco initiation holds that nicotine, as well as other addictive drugs, use appetite mechanisms. (Opponent process theory, genetic susceptibility, self-medication model, commonality of appetitive and addictive behaviors.)

Back 55

Commonality of appetitive and addictive behaviors.

Front 56

True or false, camel puts a lot of penises (Peni? ) in their ads

Back 56

True. Ok, for the advertising section, you should be able to guess most of these. Sex sells, saying smoking makes you look cool will sell, and these messages can be both overt and covert.

Front 57

True or false, nicotine itself is not addictive, but the other ingrediants placed into cigarettes are

Back 57

False, nicotine is addictive

Front 58

True or false, nicotine itself will cause withdrawl

Back 58

TRUE

Front 59

True or false, individuals will seek nicotine as a way to control their appetite, and thus, body weight.

Back 59

TRUE

Front 60

True or false, the vast majority of people smoking right now started knowing it was detrimental to their health and do not feel like quitting

Back 60

False. 70% want to quit.

Front 61

True or false, hyponotherapy can be used to help people to quit

Back 61

True. Only works on some people however

Front 62

Which military branch is most likely to use smokeless tobacco?

Back 62

Air force

Front 63

True or false, among american children, females are less likely to start smoking than males

Back 63

False, among children, both are equally at risk.

Front 64

This drug is an inhibitor of neural uptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamin. (Zybam, Chantix, Acomplia)

Back 64

Zyban

Front 65

This drug is an endocannabinoid C-1 receptor agonist (Zyban, Chantix, Acomplia)

Back 65

Acomplia

Front 66

This drug is an alpha4beta2 nAChR competitive partial agonist, partial antagonist. (Zyban, Chantix, Acomplia)

Back 66

Chantix

Front 67

If a patient was smoking due to depression, which drug would NOT work for them? Chantix, Clonidine, Nortriptyline

Back 67

Chantix would not. The remaining two are anti-depressants.

Front 68

What are some common pharmacological ways in which people attempt to stop smoking?

Back 68

Nicotine replacement products such as gum, the patch, nasal spray, etc. Also, drugs such as Zyban, Chantix, and Acomplia assist with cravings. Finally antidepressants such as nortriptyline and clonoidine can assist as well.

Front 69

True or false, setting a firm quit date is great in theory, bad in practice

Back 69

FALSE, it is step 1 in the key steps of quitting.

Front 70

True or false, medicine should only be used as a last-resort in qutting smoking

Back 70

False, medicine is very helpful with an initiatial attempt to cease smoking if it is used correctly.

Front 71

True or false, learning a new skill or hobby can help a patient stop smoking

Back 71

TRUE

Front 72

True or false, most people who quit smoking do it on their own without formal treatment programs

Back 72

TRUE

Front 73

In the "Four As of quitting" smoking (Avoid, alter, alternatives, activities) What does avoid mean?

Back 73

Encouraging the client to avoid trigger situations until the confidence to remain smoke free is there

Front 74

In the "Four As of quitting" smoking (Avoid, alter, alternatives, activities) What does alter mean?

Back 74

Changing behaviors they would typically engage in during that event or situation

Front 75

In the "Four As of quitting" smoking (Avoid, alter, alternatives, activities) What does alternative mean?

Back 75

By using oral substitutes, or other alternatives to smokeless tobacco, the client can better stay quit.

Front 76

In the "Four As of quitting" smoking (Avoid, alter, alternatives, activities) What does activities mean?

Back 76

Taking walks or engaging in other physical activities to help distract the client from cravings and thoughts about smokeless tobacco

Front 77

True or false, in the "5 day plan" it is suggested you take the day off from work on the quit day "day zero" to focus on your new life

Back 77

False, on day zero of the day 5 plan, keeping busy is the best possible thing.

Front 78

True or false, in the 5-day plan, the day before qutting is a good time to sit and think about giving yourself a reward for a succesful cessation of smoking

Back 78

TRUE

Front 79

In the five-day plan of quitting, what should the smoker do five days before quiting?

Back 79

Stop buying cigarettes, inform family and friends that this is T minues 5 days. List reasons for stopping smoking

Front 80

Which is NOT one of the four As of quitting: Avoid, Alter, Associate, Alternatives, Activities

Back 80

Associate.

Front 81

Which instruction provides for a Smoke-free DoD workplace, eliminating smoking in DoD buildings and minimizing second-hand smoke risk? DoD instruction 1010.15, 600-63, 40-102, or 5100.13E?

Back 81

DoD instruction 1010.15

Front 82

True or false, smoking cessation programs throughout the DoD are available to dependants

Back 82

TRUE when resources allow

Front 83

What is the DoD website established as a single point of reference for all DoD members interested in stopping smoking?

Back 83

www.ucanquit2.org

Front 84

What is the DoD educational program for tobacco cessation?

Back 84

Quit Tobacco - Make Everyone Proud

Front 85

What is the number one highlight of the DoD's program of "Quit Tobacco - make everyone proud"?

Back 85

Mission readiness

Front 86

What army regulation not only enforces similar regulations as DoD 1010.15, but also prohibits smoke breaks? Army Regulation 600-63, 40-102, or 5100.13E?

Back 86

Army regulation 600-63

Front 87

What air force regulation establishes controls for tobacco use within USAF buildings, facilities, vehicles, and aircraft? Air Force Instruction 600-63, 40-102, or 5100.13E?

Back 87

Air force instruction 40-102

Front 88

What navy regulation enforces DoD instruction 1010.15, but also prohibits smoking ads on bases? SECNAV Instruction 600.63, 40-102, 5100.13E, 8675309?

Back 88

SECNAV instruction 5100.13E.