Med Micro - Upper Respiratory Infections

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Culture: selective media -- CCBA – charcoal-cephalexin blood agar; Bordet-Gengou, Regan-Lowe

This culture identifies what bug?

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Bordetella pertussis

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viruses in paramyxovirus family

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mumps, rhinovirus, parainfluenza

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virus in paramysoviridae family

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rsv = respiratory syncytia virus

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describe paramyxovirus infectious agent

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neg sense ss rna virus. enveloped. f peplomer, h peplomer

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describe paramysoviridae infectious agent

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neg sense ss rna virus. enveloped. f peplomer, but NO h peplomer

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How to Dx Parainfluenza Virus

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Diagnosis:
Radiography (steeple sign)
Nasopharyngeal secretion – immunofluorescence – poor sensitivity
Serology - HAI; ELISA; Hemagglutination Assay

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what is steeple sign

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The subglottic tracheal
narrowing produces an
inverted V appearance
known as the steeple
sign (arrows).

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Prominent intercostal or
sub-sternal retraction due
to airway obstruction is a sign of what disease

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RSV bronchiolitis

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VF of Bordetella pertussis

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Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA)
Pertactin - Adhesin
Pertussis toxin – also toxigenic

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Infectious Agent Bordetella pertussis

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Gram negative bacillus

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toxins of bordetella pertussis

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1. . Pertussis toxin (PTx) – adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyltransferase
PTx --| Gproteins --| adenyl cyclase --inc cAMP --dec recruitment of phagocytes
PTx leads to LYMPHOCYTOSIS, HYPOGLYCEMIA, INCREASED HISTAMINE SENSITIVITY
2. Lethal toxin or Dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) (Heat labile) – inactivates intracellular Rho GTPases
3. Tracheal Cytotoxin (Peptidoglycan subunit)
Interferes with DNA synthesis and triggers nitric oxide production, kills ciliated respiratory cells; increases IL-1; stimulates fever

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whooping cough is caused by

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bordetella pertussis

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3 stages of whooping cough

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1. Catarrhal (1-2 weeks): ~common cold; profuse rhinorrhea, sneezing, low grade fever; contagious
2. Paroxysmal (2-4 weeks): (coughing spasm) destruction of ciliated epithelium; impairment of mucous clearing; characteristic inspirational whoop following serious of coughs, vomiting, leukocytosis
3. Convalescent: May have secondary complications: Pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy (disease brain)

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lab dx for bordetella pertussis

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catalase pos, oxidase pos, urease neg

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dx for bordetella pertussis

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Culture: selective media -- CCBA – charcoal-cephalexin blood agar; Bordet-Gengou, Regan-Lowe