Med Ethics Final #3

Front 1

justified claims that individuals and groups can make upon other individuals or upon society

Back 1

rights

Front 2

to have this is to be in a position to determine, by one's choices, what others should do or need not do

Back 2

rights

Front 3

the view that an action is deemed morally acceptable because it produces the greatest balance of good over evil, taking onto account all individuals affected

Back 3

utilitarian

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a persistent trait of good character.

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virtue

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in aristoltle's view, this temperance, courage, justice, wisdom and practical reason represented the excellent state of our emotional and intellectual faculties

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virtue

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positive right (right of action) for every positive right I have, some one else has duty to

Back 6

do something (ex: you have the positive right to vote)

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negative right or right of inaction: for every negative right I have, someone else has a ?

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duty to refrain from doing something (you have the negative right not to vote)

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providided in advance for the withdrawal or wethholding of medical care should two physicians certify that person as suffering from a terminal illness.

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living will

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This designates another person to make treatment decisions on the individual's behalf in the event that the individual becomes comatose, incompetent, or otherwise mentally or physically incapable of communicating

Back 9

living will

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living wills, durable power of attorney and patient self determination act

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all are advanced directives

Front 11

as the procedure gets more invasive and the prognosis decreases, the states interest decreases

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balancing test

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name the state interest

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preserve life, ethical integrity of the medical profession, prevent suicide and protect innocent third parties

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family, health care providers, institutional ethics committees, judicial system

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surrogate decision maker

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intentional taking of another's life to promote a good or merciful death. can be voluntary or involuntary

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euthanasia

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The physician compromising or overruling patient autonomy

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paternalism

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a character based as opposed to a principle based theory which focuses on moral concern and someone having such virtues displays moral conduct

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The hippocratic oath is an example of virtue ethics in action

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the study of moral obligation, what is fair for one, is fair for all

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deontology

Front 18

Thesis: act only from those personal rules that you can at the same time will to be moral laws;

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Deontology

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persons must not be treated solely as a means to our ends, persons are ends in themselves

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deontology

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an action or practice is right if it produces the greatest balance of good over evil for a group of people

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utilitarianism

Front 21

as the procedure gets more invasive and the prognosis decreases, the states interest decreases

Back 21

balancing test

Front 22

name the state interest

Back 22

preserve life, ethical integrity of the medical profession, prevent suicide and protect innocent third parties

Front 23

family, health care providers, institutional ethics committees, judicial system

Back 23

surrogate decision maker

Front 24

intentional taking of another's life to promote a good or merciful death. can be voluntary or involuntary

Back 24

euthanasia

Front 25

The physician compromising or overruling patient autonomy

Back 25

paternalism

Front 26

a character based as opposed to a principle based theory which focuses on moral concern and someone having such virtues displays moral conduct

Back 26

The hippocratic oath is an example of virtue ethics in action

Front 27

the study of moral obligation, what is fair for one, is fair for all

Back 27

deontology

Front 28

Thesis: act only from those personal rules that you can at the same time will to be moral laws;

Back 28

Deontology

Front 29

persons must not be treated solely as a means to our ends, persons are ends in themselves

Back 29

deontology

Front 30

an action or practice is right if it produces the greatest balance of good over evil for a group of people

Back 30

utilitarianism

Front 31

looks at the consequences of ech individual act and calculates utility each time the act is performed

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act utilitarianism

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looks at the consequences of having everyone follow a particular rule and calculates the overall utility of accepting or rejecting the rule

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rule utilitarianism

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we promote human welfare by what

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minimizing harms and maximizing benefits (utilitarianism)

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What should be a part of the informed consent of a research participant

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what they will be asked to do, the benefits, the risk

Front 35

what are the requirements for an informed consent to be legal

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pt mus be able to understand the information given and the documents should be written without jargon, at an 8th grade level

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Name the exceptions that should be used when breaking confidentiality

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contagious disease, child abuse and gunshot wounds

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Name the possible disclosure guidelines with confidentiality

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the individual who may be harmed must be identifiable, the harm to be averted must be serious, and the disclosure must be the min nec to protect the third person

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patient self determination act

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1. the patient need not complete an advance directive, the hospital mus document in the patients record, capable patient may change or reject an AD anytime (verbally or in writing)

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name the elements of informed consent

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threshold elements and information elements

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state the threshold elements of informed consent (preconditions)

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capacity (to understand and decide) and voluntariness (in deciding)

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state the information elements for informed consent

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disclosure (of material information) usually by utilizing the reasonable patient standard) recommendation (of a plan) and understanding (of disclosure and recommendation)

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State the exceptions to informed consent

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emergency, incapacity, patient waiver of the right to know, intentional nondisclosure "therapeutic privilege" and treatment/exam required by state statue or lawful regulation

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Hippocratic Oath

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help, or at leat do no harm

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what is the Nuremburg Code (1947)

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the voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential; provides protection of human subjects in research

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what code says, informed consent is essential, research should be based on prior animal work

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the nuremburg Code

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the risks should be justified by the anticipated results, only qualified scientists should conduct research

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the nuremburg code

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physical and mental suffering must be avoided, research in which death or disabling injury is expected should not be conducted

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the nurembury code

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The belmont repot has 3 areas, name them

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respect for persons, beneficence, justice

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treat people fairly; design research so that benefits and burdens are shared equitably

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justice in the belmont report

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avoid explotitation of vulnerable populations or populations of convenience should be placed under what portion of the belmont report

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justice