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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the function of the endocrine system?
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glands secrete hormones into the blood stream to regulate body functions
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what is the cause of most endocrine disorders
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hyper or hypo secretions
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What happens if one system fails
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the whole system can be affected.
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endocrine system glands
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hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pancreatic islets of lagerhans, ovaries, testies
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what is the pituitary glands function
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it is the master gland.
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pituitary gland diseases
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over or under production of hormones
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hyperpituitarisim
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over production of growth hormones from the pituitary glands
called acromegaly in adults and gigantism in children |
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hypopituitarism
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low activity of pituitary glands
leads to and absence of hormones (dwarfism) |
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what is diabetes insipidus
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its a decrease in ADH production
its a pituitary gland disorder |
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what are the s/s of diabetes insipidus
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excessive thirst and urination.
different from diabetes mellatus. |
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what is graves disease
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autoimmune
hyperthyroidism and glandular hypertrophy usually seen in women |
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what are the s/s of graves disease
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exaphthalmos: protruding eyes
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What is goiter
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enlarged hyperthyroidism
in response to the thyroid trying to produce adequate amounts of t4 |
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What is hypothyroidism
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Inadequate t4 production
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S/S of hypothyroidism
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fatigue, drowsy, sensitive to cold, weight gain due to slow metabolism
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hyperparathyroidism
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over production of parathyroid hormone which causes
hypercalcemia (increase in blood ca) |
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Hypoparathyroidism
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low blood calcium levels
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what are different types of adrenal gland diseases
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conns syndrome
cushings syndrom androgeniteal syndrom addisons syndrome |
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conn's syndrome
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over production of aldosterone which is important in maintaining blood volume pressure and electrolyte balance
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s/s of conn's disease
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HTN
low potassium levels increased blood ph |
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What is cushings syndrome
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over production of cortisol
can be caused by a pituitary tumor or adrenal cortex tumor |
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S/S of cushings syndrome
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moon face
humped back rotund stomach fatigue weakness |
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what is androgeniteal syndrome
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overproduction of sex hormones
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Addisons disease
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also called hypoadrenalisim
under secretion of sex hormones females get it more than males |
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islets of lagerhans secretes what 2 hormones
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insulin
glucagon |
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what is insulin
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secreted in response to elevated blood sugar and storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver
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What is glucagon
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stimulates liver to change stored glycogen into glucose so increases blood sugar.
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what are kinds of pancreatic diseases
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diabetes mellitus
gestational diabetes hypoglycemia |
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Diabetes mellitus
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chronic disease affecting carbohydrate (sugar) metabolism because of inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas
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Symptoms of diabetes mellitus
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polyuria
polydipsia polyphagia glycosuria hyperglycemia |
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Type 1 DM
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autoimmune disorder in which cells in the pancreas are destroyed preventing secretion of insulin
requires insulin |
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Type 2 DM
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Often associated with obesity
excessive carbohydrates wears out pancreas sometimes need insulin |
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IDDM
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insulin therapy is required to prevent ketoacidosis (burning of fatty acids which produces ketones)
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long term complications of DM
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Diabetic coma
insulin shock (too much insulin) PVD Peripheral neuropathy kidney faliure diabetic retinopathy |
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PTA precautions with DM pts
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dont fatigue patient
monitor vital signs check dorsalis pedis pulse monitor for signs of hypoglycemia be aware of extreme thirst caution with thermal agents |
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gestational diabetes
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temporary onset during pregnancy
resolves high risk of developing type 2 later in life |
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hypoglycemia
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abnormally low blood sugar
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SX of hypoglycemia
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dizziness, general weakness, shaking and confusion
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Hypergonadisim
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increased production of sex hormones before puberty
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hypogonadisim
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Decrease in sexual hormone production before puberty
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