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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two mechanisms for ketolides
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bind 50 S ribosome
block ribosome assembly |
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dna gyrase inhibitors
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quinolones
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nalidixic acid class
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quinolone
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cipro class
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quinolone
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sparfloxacin class
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quinolone
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gatifloxacin class
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quinolone
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rna synthesis inhibitors
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rifamycins
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tetracycline mechanism
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bind to the 30 S ribosomal subunit
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aminoglycoside mechanism
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bind to the 30 S ribosomal subunit
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aminocyclitol mechanism
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bind to the 30 S ribosomal subunit
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spectinomycin class
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aminocyclitol
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streptomycin class
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aminoglycoside
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neomycin class
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aminoglycoside
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amikacin class
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aminoglycoside
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netilimicin class
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aminoglycoside
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erythromycin class
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macrolide
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clarithromycin class
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macrolide
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azithromycin class
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macrolide
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dirithiromycin class
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macrolide
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troleandomycin class
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macrolide
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macrolide mechanism
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bind 50 S subunit
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ketolide mechanism
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bind 50 S subunit
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oxazolidinone mechanism
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bind 50 S subunit
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streptogramin B mechanism
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bind 50 S subunit
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strepogramin A mechanism
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bind 50 S subunit
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chloramphenicol mechanism
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bind 50 S subunit
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lincosamide mechanism
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bind 50 S subunit
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14-member ring with ester and two sugars
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macrolide
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14-member ring with ester and one sugar and one ketone
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ketolide
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telithromycin class
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ketolide
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linezolid class
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oxazolidinones
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19 membered ring with lactone and six membered ring with N
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streptogramin B
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24 membered ring with lactone, conjugated double bonds, two five membered rings
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streptogramin A
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quinupristin class
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streptogramin B
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dalfopristin class
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streptogramin A
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clindamycin class
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lincosamide
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methenamine decomposes to
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formadehyde
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two UTI treatments
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Methenamine and Nitrofurantoin
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4:5 with S in ring
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penicillin
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4:6
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cephalosporin
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4:5 without S in ring
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Carbapenem
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4
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monobactam
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imipenem class
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carbapenem
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meropenem class
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carbapenem
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aztreonam class
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monobactam
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two sugars with peptide backbone and large rings with aromatic rings
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vanco
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4 cell wall synthesis inhibitors with b-lactams
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penicillins
cephalosporins carbapenems monobactams |
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cell wall synthesis inhibitors without b-lactams
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vanco
bacitracin |
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large polypeptide ring with D and L amino acids, a peptide tail with lipophilic amine
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bacitracin
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fosfomycin class
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cell wall synthesis inhibitor, pyruvyltranferase inhibitor
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pyruvyltranferase inhibitor
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fosfomycin
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clavulinic acid class
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non-antibiotic, beta-lactamase inhibitor
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sulbactam class
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non-antibiotic, beta-lactamase inhibitor
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tazobactam class
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non-antibiotic, beta-lactamase inhibitor
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prolonged QT interval, liver tox, phototox, no antacids
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quinolones
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prevents renal metabolism of carbapenems
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cilastin
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nephrotox and deafness
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aminoglycosides
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just prolonged QT
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macrolides
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Ca injection pain
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tetracyclines
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bone/teeth disposition
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tetracyclines
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teeth yellowing, no antacids / milk
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tetracyclines
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MTT chain can inhibit Vit K
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cephalosporins
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cause disulfiram rx with alcohol
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cephalosporins
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non-compatible with rifabutin
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macrolides
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non-compatible with chloramphenicol
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macrolides
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non-compatible with aminoglycosides
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polymixins
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synergistic with aminoglycosides
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penicillins and cephalosporins
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with you can't mix macrolides and rifabutin
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increases metabolism (of what?)
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with you can't mix macrolides and chloramphenicol
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similar 50 S binding sites
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with you can't mix aminoglycosides and polymixins
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respiratory paralysis and renal dysfunction
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three mechanisms of resistance
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1) influx / efflux
2) metabolism 3) target alteration |
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primary cause(s) of resistance for quinolones
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influx / efflux and target alteration, QRDR
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primary cause(s) of resistance for tetracyclines
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decreased intake (1)
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primary cause(s) of resistance for aminoglycosides
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metabolism; phophorylation and acteylation of OH and amine groups
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primary cause(s) of resistance for macrolides
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all three; decreased intake, alcohol acetylation, single 50 S residue
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primary cause(s) of resistance for chloramphenicol
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metabolism; OH acetylation
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primary cause(s) of resistance for lincosamides
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metabolism; OH acetylation and no cross-resistance with macrolides
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primary cause(s) of resistance for penicillins and cephalosporins
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metabolism and target alteration (PBP)
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have all three mechanisms of resistance
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macrolides
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four groups with acetylate OH groups (mechanism 2)
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aminoglycosides, macrolides, chloramphenicol and lincosamides
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only this type of bacteria make LPS
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gram (-)
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portion of LPS which elicits a fever
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Lipid A
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resist killing by white blood cells and grow very, very slowly
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acid-fast bacteria
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does not allow prediction of cell wall type
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morphology (rod or sphere)
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poke holes in the cell membrane
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polymixins
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quinolone removed from market and used only in hospitals
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trovafloxacin
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two Fs increase this ADR
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phototoxicity
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associated with increased pulled achilles tendons esp. in elderly and more so if used with steroids
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fluoroquinolones
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bioavailability of ALL quinonlones with greatly decreased with
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antacids; COOH form salts with Ca and Mg
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binds to 50 S and inhibits translocation
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erythromycin (macrolides) and clindamycin
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binds to 50 S and inhibits peptidyl transferase
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chloramphenicol
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bind to 30 S and inhibit binding of aminoacyl-tRNA
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tetracyclines and aminoglycosides
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cause misreading of mRNA
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aminoglycosides
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chelate metals which results in insoluble complexes at neutral pH
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tetracyclines
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why tetracyclines hurt when injected
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insoluble Ca complexes
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most common side effect of aminoglycosides
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nephrotoxicity
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