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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Microorganisms?
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tiny one celled plants and animals called germs
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Where are microorganisms?
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they are in the air, on the food, and on the things that we touch
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Pathogens?
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microorganisms that produce infection and disease
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name some pathogens?
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bacteria,fungi,protozoa,
rickettsiae and viruses |
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Infection?
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an invasion by pathogens that reproduce, multiply and cause disease
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What conditions must be present in the environment in order for a pathogen to live?
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-food
-oxygen (prsense/absence) -moisure -heat -pH of 5-8(slightly alkalline) -darkness |
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aeorbic bacteria?
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requires oxygen
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anaerobic bacteria?
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will survive without oxygen
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infectious diseases?
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those caused by direct or indirect spread of pathogens form one person to another
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How are microorganisms transmitted?
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-body fluids
-touching someone -contact with contaminated equipment -inhalation |
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What are some control measures for pathogens?
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-hand washing
-proper disposal fo contaminated materials -proper cleaning of equipment -appropriate use of isolation precausions |
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Signs and symptoms in the elderly?
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are not as prominant
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Why are eldery at increased risk of infection?
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-decline in functions of the body systems
-less clear signs and symptoms -co-existing diseases -urinary retintion -decline in subcutanteous tissue -environment-nosocomial infections |
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Signs and symptoms of localized infections?
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-local redness
-pus formation -warmth -swelling -pain -limitation of movement |
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Signs and symptoms of general infections?
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-general decline
-increased weakness -headache -confusion -temperature -nausea,vomiting, diarrhea |
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Systemic anti-infective agents? (6)
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-bactericidal
-bacteriostatic -broad-spectrum -narrow spectrum -resistance -hypersensitivity |
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Bactericidal?
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kills most bacterial microorganisms
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Bacteriostatic?
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prevents bacterial micoorganisms from multiplying so that the body's immune system can kill the microbe
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Broad spectrum?
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kills many different microorganisms
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Microbe-specific narrow spectrum?
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kills only a few different microorganisms
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resistance?
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render anti-infective ineffective, caused by overdose of antibiotics, not taking meds as instructed
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hypersensitivity
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an allergic reaction to a drug.can be mild (such as a rash) or severe(antiphalactic shock)
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antibiotics?
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drugs that destroy microorganisms
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