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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Roles of a nurse in administering meds
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-Monitoring effects of medication
-Preparation of client’s dose -Delivering the medication - Instructing the client regarding the effects |
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Nurse practice act
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(npa): varies from state to state and regulates nurses functions
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The primary purpose of the NPA is
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to protect the public from unskilled, undereducated, and unlicensed personnel.
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Who has to witness narcotic waste disposal?
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another nurse
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generic name
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main name (acetaminophin)
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trade name
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company name (tylenol)
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chemical name
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exact description
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drug names
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chemical, trade, generic
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forms of medication
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Solid, liquid, other oral forms, topical, parenteral, instillation into body cavities
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pharmacokinetics
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absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
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absorption
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passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of administration
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factors that influence absorption
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Route, Ability to dissolve,
Blood flow to site, Body surface area, Lipid solubility of medication |
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where should most drugs enter to have a therapeutic effect?
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central circulation
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Each route of administration has a (---------) rate of absorption?
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different
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topical:
IV: oral: mucous membrane: |
slow rate (skin med)
fastest rate slower, GI tract quick rate (many blood vessels) |
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distribution
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distribution occurs within the body to tissues, organs, and to specific sites of action.
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distribution depends on
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Circulation (CHF)
Membrane permeability Protein binding-most medications bind to protein |
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what inhibits the distribtuion of medication?
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limited blood flow or perfusion (meds and conditions: CHF)
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**The degree to which medication binds to serum proteins will affect
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medication distribution
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most biotransfusion occurs in the
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liver
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*Reduced hepatic functioning will increase the risk of
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drug toxicity
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medications are excreted through
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Kidney
Liver Bowel Lungs Exocrine glands |
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What is the main organ for excretion?
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kidneys
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Which type of medications are excreted through the lungs?
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Anesthetic gases, alcohol
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Why should certain medications not be taken during pregnancy?
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Some may pass through the placental barrier or mammary glands.
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therapeatic effect
adverse idiosyncratic side toxic allergic |
Expected or predictable
severe--> unexpected YOUR over/under reaction unintended accumulation in blood unpredictable |
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synergestic effect
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occurs when the combined effect of two medications is greater than the effect of the medications given separately.
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alcohol
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is a cns depressant
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serum half-life
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Time for serum medication concentration to be halved
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onset
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Time it takes for a medication to produce a response
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peak
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Time at which a medication reaches its highest effective concentration
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trough
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Minimum blood serum concentration before next scheduled dose
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duration
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Time medication takes to produce greatest result
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plateau
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Blood serum concentration is reached and maintained
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The purpose of determining peak and trough levels is to
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maintain constant drug levels in the body
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what is used to determine the dose?
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half life
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verbal order
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write and then sign the complete order in the appropriate location in the patient’s chart.
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If the nurse recognizes that the order as written is significantly more than the therapeutic dose she should...?
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call the prescriber to clarify the order.
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standing or routine
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Administered until the dosage is changed or another medication is prescribed
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single one time
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Given one time only for a specific reason
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now
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When a medication is needed right away, but not STAT
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prn
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Given when the client requires it
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stat
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Given immediately in an emergency
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prescriptions
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Medication to be taken outside of the hospital
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six rights of medication administration`
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1. Right medication
2. Right dose 3. Right client 4. Right route 5. Right time 6. Right documentation |
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what do you do if there is a med error?
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-assessment of client
-Monitoring of the client -Notification of the health care provider -Report the error to the appropriate institutional administrator |
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what tablet do we not crush?
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sustained release
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what is the ventrogluteal site?
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greater Trochanter, anterior iliac spine, iliac crest
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what do we do when mixing two meds?
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Air should be inserted into both vials, making sure the needle does not touch the solution in the first vial-
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what is the ztrack method used for and what does it do?
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intramuscular
minimize local skin irritation by sealing the medication in the muscle tissue |
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tb
im sub q |
15
90 45-90 |
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what do we do before IM injection?
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aspirate for blood
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when do we not aspirate?
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when giving heparin or insulin
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insulin preparation
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Air should be injected into the vial of NPH insulin and then the vial of regular insulin. The regular insulin should be withdrawn immediately after injecting the air into the vial of regular insulin. The NPH insulin is then withdrawn.
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category c
category III |
pregnancy
intermediate potential for abuse |
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more albumin=
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more medication distribution
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severe allergic reaction
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anaphylaxis (life threatening, wheezing)
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what should they tell you if they have allergic reactions?
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make them tell you what happens during it.
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buccal
enteral parenteral |
cheek
gut tissue |
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ztrack method
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meds that are irritating to tissue (seep back through)
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