Mechanisms Of Toxicology

Front 1

Fill in the blanks:

Toxicant, delivery ---> __________ ---> cellular dysfunction ---> ________

Back 1

Toxicant, delivery --> target molecule --> cellular dysfunction --> dysrepair

Front 2

mechanisms of toxicity in terms of promoting delivery:

1) Absorption (______)

2) distribution twoards target cell (_______)

3) reabsorption ( ________)

4) toxication (________)

Back 2

mechanisms of toxicity in terms of delivery:

1) Absorption (lipids)

2) distribution twoards target cell (transporters)

3) reabsorption (kidney transport)

4) toxication (biotransformation)

Front 3

opposing forces dictate access to target; hence, delivery is opposed by the following:

1) pre systematic elimination (_________)

2) distribution away from target cells (________)

3) excretion (_________)

4) detoxication (__________)

Back 3

opposing forces dictate access to target; hence, delivery is opposed by the following:

1) pre systematic elimination (first pass effect)

2) distribution away from target cells (binding to plasma proteins)

3) excretion (removal)

4) detoxication (eliminate toxicant)

Front 4

the ultimate toxicant for delivery will be (4):

hint: it is similar to ultimate drug

Back 4

small, non polar, insoluble, non-ionized

Front 5

the target must be accessible, reactive, and have a critical function. biomolecules are usually the target, name three examples:

Back 5

1) protiens

2) nucleic acids

2) lipids

Front 6

which enzyme is involved in the metabolism of target + toxicant ?

Back 6

which enzyme is involved in the metabolism of target + toxicant ? cytochrome p450

Front 7

T/F the reaction types that occur when the toxicant binds to the target molecule include:

1) non covalent or covalent binding

2) enzymatic

3) electron transfer (REDOX)

4) hydrogen abstraction

Back 7

TRUE

Front 8

Define, give an example, and the three effects to hydrogen abstraction

Back 8

-hydrogen abstraction is when a hydrogen atom is abstracted from the target active site.

-An example is abstraction from thiols

-formation of cross links, strand breaks, and lipid radicals which leads to peroxidation

Front 9

covalent interactions (sharing of electrons) between the target macromolecule and toxicant involve which two types of atoms?

Back 9

1) nucleophiles (nucleus loving, (-), pi bonds or lone pair )

2) electrophiles (electron loving, (+))

Front 10

once the toxin binds to target molecule, list the three outcomes:

Back 10

1) dysfunction

2) destruction

3) neoantigen formation

Front 11

Name the four types of dysfunction?

Back 11

1) mimic enddogenous mlcl

2) inhibit function

3) alter structure of protiens (covalent binding)

4) alter dna templet (covalent binding)

Front 12

Name the three types of destruction? hint these occur due to hydrogen abstraction

Back 12

1) cross -links

2) strand breaks, fragmentation OH- attack on 4C of purine and pyrimidine

3) lipid peroxdidation