Mechanisms Of Disease

Front 1

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease)

Back 1

Prion

Front 2

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Back 2

Prion

Front 3

Cocci

Back 3

Singular

Front 4

Diplococci

Back 4

Paired

Front 5

Streptococci

Back 5

Chains or Strings

Front 6

Staphylococci

Back 6

Clusters or Bunches
(Spherical-shaped)

Front 7

Sarcina

Back 7

Cuboidal
(Spherical-shaped)

Front 8

Tetrads

Back 8

Square Shape
(Spherical-shaped)

Front 9

Staphylococcus aureus

Back 9

Hospital aquired (nosocomial) infection of surgical wounds
(Bacteria)

Front 10

Bacillus

Back 10

Singular
(Rod-shaped)

Front 11

Diplobacillus

Back 11

Paired
(Rod-shaped)

Front 12

Streptobacillus

Back 12

Chain
(Rod-shaped)

Front 13

Coccobacillus

Back 13

Short (nearly look like a cocci)
(Rod-shaped)

Front 14

Palisades

Back 14

Picket Fence
(Rod-shaped)

Front 15

Legionella pneumophila
(Legionnaire's Disease)

Back 15

Bacteria

Front 16

Yersinia pestis
(Bubonic Plague)

Back 16

Bacteria
(Coccobacillus)

Front 17

Haemophilus ducreyi
(Chancroid)

Back 17

Bacteria
(Streptobacillus)

Front 18

Spirochete

Back 18

slender, flexible, (flagellum - motile), tightly coiled, helical filament (Bacteria)

Front 19

Treponema pallidum

Back 19

Syphilis
(Bacteria)

Front 20

Borrelia burgdorferi
(Lymes Disease)

Back 20

Bacteria
(Spirochete)

Front 21

Vibrio cholerae

Back 21

Cholera
(Bacteria)

Front 22

Thrush

Back 22

Fungus, Yeast
(Candida albicans)

Front 23

Diaper Rash

Back 23

Fungus, Yeast
(Candida albicans)

Front 24

Mold

Back 24

multi-cellular fungi

Front 25

Yeast

Back 25

small, single celled fungi

Front 26

Histoplasmosis
(Darling's Disease)

Back 26

Fungus (Mold)
(Histoplasma capsulatum)

Front 27

Coccidioidomycosis
(San Joaquin Valley Fever)

Back 27

Fungus (Mold)

Front 28

Dermatophytosis
(Tinea)

Back 28

Fungus (Mold)

Front 29

Tinea pedis (Athlete's foot)

Back 29

Fungus (Mold)

Front 30

Tinea corporis (Ringworm)

Back 30

Fungus (Mold)

Front 31

Tinea versicolor

Back 31

Fungus (Mold)
Causes discoloration of the skin visible after exposure to sunlight

Front 32

Trichomonas vaginalis
(Trichomoniasis)

Back 32

Protozoa (Flagellate)

Front 33

Entamoeba histolytica

Back 33

Protozoa (Amoebas)
Dysentery

Front 34

Giardia lamblia (Giardiosis)

Back 34

Protozoa (Flagellate)

Front 35

Plasmodium vivax

Back 35

Malaria (Sporozoa)

Front 36

Toxoplasma gondi

Back 36

Toxoplasmosis (Sporozoa)
contracted from unpasteurized milk, undercooked meat, or house cats

Front 37

Papilloma

Back 37

Epithelial Benign tumor - forms finger-like projections (warts, polyps)

Front 38

Adenoma

Back 38

Epithelial Benign tumor - glandular epithelium

Front 39

Nevus

Back 39

Epithelial Benign tumor - variety of small, pigmented tumors (mole)

Front 40

Lipoma

Back 40

Connective Benign tumor - adipose tissue

Front 41

Osteoma

Back 41

Connective Benign tumor of bone tissues

Front 42

Chondroma

Back 42

Connective Benign tumor of cartilage tissues

Front 43

Teratoma

Back 43

Mixed-Tissue Tumor composed of bone, muscle, skin, gland cells, and cartilage

Front 44

Benign Tumors

Back 44

1. Grow Slowly
2. Often Encapsulated within fibrous capsule (not invasive)
3. Composed of differentiated cells that closely resemble normal, mature tissue
4. Do not spread/metastasize

Front 45

Malignant Tumors

Back 45

1. Grow Rapidly
2. Usually invasive and infiltrative
3. Composed of cancer cells that resemble primitive or embryonic cells (anaplastic or undifferentiated cells)
4. Can spread/metastasize

Front 46

Carcinomas

Back 46

Largest group; around 90% of all malignancies
- Derived from epithelial tissues

Front 47

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Back 47

Most Common Cancer

Front 48

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Back 48

2nd Most Common Cancer

Front 49

Melanoma

Back 49

Most Serious Skin Cancer

Front 50

Sarcomas

Back 50

Less than 5% of all malignancies
- Derived from connective tissues

Front 51

Osteosarcoma

Back 51

Malignant - Bone

Front 52

Liposarcoma

Back 52

Malignant - Fat/Adipose

Front 53

Myosarcoma

Back 53

Malignant - Muscle

Front 54

Chondrosarcoma

Back 54

Malignant - Cartilage

Front 55

Leukemia

Back 55

Malignant - Bone Marrow

Front 56

Gliomas

Back 56

Malignant - Brain

Front 57

Angiosarcoma

Back 57

Malignant - Blood Vessel Tissue

Front 58

Lymphoma

Back 58

Malignant - Cells of the Lymphatic System

Front 59

Neuroblastoma

Back 59

Malignant - Embryonic Tissue of Nervous System

Front 60

Carcinogens

Back 60

1. Chemicals
2. Radiation
3. Viruses
4. Translocation
5. Heredity

Front 61

Cancer Risk Factors

Back 61

1. Growing Older
2. Tobacco
3. Sunlight
4. Ionizing Radiation
5. Certain chemicals
6. Some viruses and bacteria
7. Certain hormones
8. Family history of cancer
9. Alcohol
10. Poor diet, lack of physical activity, or being overweight

Front 62

Grade I

Back 62

Poorly differentiated; closely resemble normal cells; higher survival rate

Front 63

Grade II

Back 63

Intermediate in appearance; closer to Grade I

Front 64

Grade III

Back 64

Intermediate in appearance; closer to Grade IV

Front 65

Grade IV

Back 65

Totall undifferentiated cells/tissue or origin unrecognizable; lowest survival rate

Front 66

International Staging System -
T

Back 66

Size and degree of local extension of tumor

Front 67

International Staging System -
N

Back 67

Number of regional lymph nodes invaded

Front 68

International Staging System -
M

Back 68

Presence or absence of metastases of tumor cells

Front 69

Pharmacokinetics

Back 69

Use of information from research to design better route (oral, intravenous) and schedules of administration to achieve the greatest tumor kill with the least toxicity to normal cells

Front 70

l'oiseau (m.)

Back 70

bird

Front 71

Flutamide

Back 71

Hormonal Agent used to treat prostate cancer by blocking androgen action and causes regression of the cancer

Front 72

5 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

Back 72

1. Pain (Latin - dolor)
2. Redness (Latin - rubor)
3. Swelling/Edema (Latin - tumor)
4. Heat (Latin - calor)
5. Disturbance of Tissue Function (sometimes)

Front 73

Disease

Back 73

a condition marked by a specific history, and clinical signs, symptoms and laboratory or radiographic findings

Front 74

Illness

Back 74

sickness; abnormal conditions of the body or mind that cause discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the person afflicted

Front 75

Signs

Back 75

objective abnormalities that can be seen or measured

Front 76

Symptoms

Back 76

subjective abnormalities felt only by the patient

Front 77

Syndrome

Back 77

A set of signs and symptoms that tend to occur together and which reflect the presence of a particular disease or an increased chance of developing a particular disease

Front 78

Acute

Back 78

sharp, severe, having a rapid onset and a short course

Front 79

Chronic

Back 79

develops slowly with a long duration

Front 80

Subacute

Back 80

characteristics somewhere between acute and chronic

Front 81

Etiology

Back 81

the study of the causes of disease or the cause of a disease

Front 82

Idiopathic

Back 82

disease with undetermined cause

Front 83

Endemic

Back 83

a disease that is native to a local region

Front 84

Epidemic

Back 84

a disease that spreads to many individuals at the same time

Front 85

les yeux (m.)

Back 85

eyes

Front 86

Autoimmunity

Back 86

the failure of an organism to recognize its own constituent parts as "self", which results in an immune response against its own cells

Front 87

Most common cancer among women

Back 87

Breast Cancer

Front 88

Most common cancer among men

Back 88

Prostate Cancer

Front 89

Cancer with the worst prognosis

Back 89

Pancreatic Cancer

Front 90

Most common cancer among men and women

Back 90

Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer