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155 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Penicillin-G
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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Penicillin-V
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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naficillin
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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oxacillin
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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cloxacillin
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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dicloxacillin
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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methicillin
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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amoxicillin (amino penicillin)
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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ampicillin (amino penicillin)
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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ticarcillin
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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piperacillin
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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mezlocillin
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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carbenicillin
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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sulbactam
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Bind to •‚-lactamase that breakdown penicillin and cephalosporins
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clavulanic acid
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Bind to •‚-lactamase that breakdown penicillin and cephalosporins
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cephalexin
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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cefazolin
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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cefaclor
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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cefuroxime
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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cefexime
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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ceftazidime
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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ceftriaxone
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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cefepime
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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imipenem
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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meropenem
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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ortapenem
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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doripenem
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Inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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aztreonam
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inhibit transpeptidases by binding to it
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vancomycin
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inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to di-alanine residues in glycoprotein subunit
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bacitracin
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inhibits bactoprenol carrier
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fosomycin
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blocks synthesis of n-acetyl muramic acid
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cycloserine
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alanine analog that inhibits incorporation of alanine into n-acetyl muramic acid
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Name
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mechanism of actions
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erythromycin
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reversibly binds to 50s subunits and inhibits translocation and binding of t-RNA to "P" site
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clarithromycin
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reversibly binds to 51s subunits and inhibits translocation and binding of t-RNA to "P" site
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azithromycin
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reversibly binds to 52s subunits and inhibits translocation and binding of t-RNA to "P" site
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telithromycin
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reversibly binds to 53s subunits and inhibits translocation and binding of t-RNA to "P" site
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streptomycin
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irreversibly binds to 30s subunit; inhibit or alter t-RNA binding all along m-RNA; causes irreversible m-RNA misreading; "cidal"
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gentamycin
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irreversibly binds to 31s subunit; inhibit or alter t-RNA binding all along m-RNA; causes irreversible m-RNA misreading; "cidal"
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tobramycin
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irreversibly binds to 32s subunit; inhibit or alter t-RNA binding all along m-RNA; causes irreversible m-RNA misreading; "cidal"
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neomycin
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irreversibly binds to 33s subunit; inhibit or alter t-RNA binding all along m-RNA; causes irreversible m-RNA misreading; "cidal"
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amikacin
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irreversibly binds to 34s subunit; inhibit or alter t-RNA binding all along m-RNA; causes irreversible m-RNA misreading; "cidal"
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kanamycin
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irreversibly binds to 35s subunit; inhibit or alter t-RNA binding all along m-RNA; causes irreversible m-RNA misreading; "cidal"
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metilmicin
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irreversibly binds to 36s subunit; inhibit or alter t-RNA binding all along m-RNA; causes irreversible m-RNA misreading; "cidal"
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tetracycline
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reversibly binds to 30s, inhibits binding to the "A" site
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doxycycline
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reversibly binds to 31s, inhibits binding to the "A" site
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minocycline
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reversibly binds to 32s, inhibits binding to the "A" site
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tigecycline
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reversibly binds to 33s, inhibits binding to the "A" site
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chloramphenicol
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inhibits peptidyl transferase, cidal or static
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clindamycin
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like erythromycin, bind to 50s subunit
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lincomycin
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like erythromycin, bind to 51s subunit
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quinupristin
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dalfopristin
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linezolid
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binds 50s, inhibits binding of fmet tRNA to the "P" site
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Name
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mechanism of actions
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daptomycin
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lipopeptide that forms pores in bacterial cell membranes, leads to depolarization which leads to decreased DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis
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ciprofloxacin
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inhibit bacterial topoisomerase (topoisomerase II - DNA gyrase; topoisomerase IV)
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ofloxacin
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inhibit bacterial topoisomerase (topoisomerase II - DNA gyrase; topoisomerase IV)
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gatifloxacin
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inhibit bacterial topoisomerase (topoisomerase II - DNA gyrase; topoisomerase IV)
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moxifloxacin
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inhibit bacterial topoisomerase (topoisomerase II - DNA gyrase; topoisomerase IV)
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levofloxacin
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inhibit bacterial topoisomerase (topoisomerase II - DNA gyrase; topoisomerase IV)
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gemifloxacin
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inhibit bacterial topoisomerase (topoisomerase II - DNA gyrase; topoisomerase IV)
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norfloxacin
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inhibit bacterial topoisomerase (topoisomerase II - DNA gyrase; topoisomerase IV)
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lomefloxacin
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inhibit bacterial topoisomerase (topoisomerase II - DNA gyrase; topoisomerase IV)
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sulfonamides
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inhibit dihydropterate synthetase; static
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sulfisoxazole
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inhibit dihydropterate synthetase; static
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sulfacetamide
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inhibit dihydropterate synthetase; static
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sulfadiazine
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inhibit dihydropterate synthetase; static
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trimethoprim
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inhibits dihydrofolate reductase; specific for bacterial enzyme
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metronidazole
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prodrug; converted to highly reactive free radical by anaerobic bacteria; binds to many different macromolecules
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nitrofurantoin
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prodrug; converted to a reactive molecule by bacteria concentrates in urine
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polymixin
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binds to sites on LPS; increase cell membrane permeability
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gramicidin
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can form channels in bacterial cell membrane
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neomycin
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mupirocin
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inhibits protein synthesis
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retapamulin
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inhibits protein synthesis
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neosporin solution
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polysporin
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polytrim
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isoniazid
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prodrug; activated to form analog of mycolic acid; "cidal" in growing cell; "static" in dormant cells; metabolized by acetylation
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rifampin
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inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase; cidal
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pyrazinamide
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converted in macrophage lysosomes to an inhibitor of mycolic acid synthesis
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ethambutol
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inhibits arabinosyl transferase- necessary for cell wall component
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dapsone
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inhibits folate synthase like sulfanamides
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nystatin
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polyene antibiotics - polyenes bind to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane and cause membrane leakage
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amphotericin B
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polyene antibiotics - polyenes bind to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane and cause membrane leakage
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natamycin
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polyene antibiotics - polyenes bind to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane and cause membrane leakage
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tolnaftate
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ciclopirox
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terbinafine
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miconazole
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clotrimazole
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"azoles"
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griseofulvin
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binds to fungal microtubules and inhibits mitosis
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terbinafine
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inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by fungus; inhibits squalene epoxidase; build up of squalene is toxic to fungi
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amphotericin B
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binds to ergosterol
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ketoconazole
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inhibits fungal cytochrome p450 (lamosterol demthylase)
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clotrimazole
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inhibits fungal cytochrome p451 (lamosterol demthylase)
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fluconazole generic
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itraconazole generic
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posaconazole
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voriconazole
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flucytosine
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pyrimidine analog; converted by fungi to 5-flurouracil (5FU); inhibits thymdine synthesis
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terbinafine
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caspofungin
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inhibit the synthesis of polysaccharide that is a fungal cell wall componenet
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micafungin
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inhibit the synthesis of polysaccharide that is a fungal cell wall componenet
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anidulafungin
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inhibit the synthesis of polysaccharide that is a fungal cell wall componenet
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Name
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mechanism of actions
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metronidazole
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prodrug; activated by anaerobic cells (like giardia); activated form binds to many molecules
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tinidazole
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nitazoxanide
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prodrug; activated by anaerobic organism; inhibits pyruvate:ferridoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR)
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metronidazole
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chloroquine
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concentrated by the plasmodium; inhibits heme polymerization; inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis
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mefloquine
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quinine
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like cholorquine
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primaquine
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oxidative damage to plasmodium
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progunail pyrimethamine
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inhibit dihydrofolate reductase
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sulfadoxine
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atovaquone
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artimisinins (artesunate artemether)
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acyclovir
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prodrug; must be phosphorylated by a viral thymidine kinase; inhibits viral DNA polymerase
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valacyclovir
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prodrug: metabolized to acyclovir (inhibits viral DNA polymerase)
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famciclovir
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prodrug; converted to an analog of acyclovir (inhibits viral DNA polymerase)
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ganciclovir
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prodrug; converted by a viral kinase (inhibits viral DNA polymerase)
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valganciclovir
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prodrug; converted to ganciclovir (inhibits viral DNA polymerase)
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cidofovir
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inhibits viral DNA polymerase
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foscarnet
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directly inhibits viral DNA polymerase; does not need to be phosphorylated (not a prodrug)
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fomivirsen
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binds to cytomegalovirus mRNA
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lamivudine
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inhibit DNA polymerase
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adefovir
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inhibit DNA polymerase
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entecavir
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inhibit DNA polymerase
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Name
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mechanism of actions
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ribavirin
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a guanosine analog; phosphorylated in cell; inhibits RNA dependent RNA polymerase
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amantadine
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block the uncoating of the virus inside the host cell
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rimantadine
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block the uncoating of the virus inside the host cell
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zanamivir
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inhibit release of newly formed viruses from the cell; cell has sialic acid receptors - theses bind to the newly made viruses - neuraminidase cleaves the band between the virus and sialic acid on the cell membrane - virus released; these drugs inhibit neuraminidase
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oseltamivir
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inhibit release of newly formed viruses from the cell; cell has sialic acid receptors - theses bind to the newly made viruses - neuraminidase cleaves the band between the virus and sialic acid on the cell membrane - virus released; these drugs inhibit neuraminidase
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recombinant interferon alpha
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enhances normal immune cell functions; can inhibit viral mRNA replication
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didanosine
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prodrug; phosphorylated in cell; inhibit reverse transcriptase
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abacavir
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prodrug; phosphorylated in cell; inhibit reverse transcriptase
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zidovudine
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prodrug; phosphorylated in cell; inhibit reverse transcriptase
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zalcitabine
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prodrug; phosphorylated in cell; inhibit reverse transcriptase
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lamivudine
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prodrug; phosphorylated in cell; inhibit reverse transcriptase
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emtricitibine
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prodrug; phosphorylated in cell; inhibit reverse transcriptase
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stavudine
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prodrug; phosphorylated in cell; inhibit reverse transcriptase
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telbivudine
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prodrug; phosphorylated in cell; inhibit reverse transcriptase
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nevirapine
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not phosphorylated
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delaviridine
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metablolized by p450
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efavirenz
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saquinavir
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inhibit the post synthetic processing of proteins by inhibiting proteasomes
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ritonavir
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inhibit the post synthetic processing of proteins by inhibiting proteasomes
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indinavir
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inhibit the post synthetic processing of proteins by inhibiting proteasomes
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nelfinavir
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inhibit the post synthetic processing of proteins by inhibiting proteasomes
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amprenavir
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inhibit the post synthetic processing of proteins by inhibiting proteasomes
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enfuvirtide
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inhibits binding of HIV to the CD4 target cell
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