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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do you form an aldehyde from a primary alcohol? |
Gently heating excess alcohol with a controlled amount of potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid under distillation Oxidation reaction |
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How do you produce a carboxylic acid from an acid anhydride? |
Room temperature Hydrolysis using water Nucleophilic addition elimination |
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How do you produce an ester from an acid anhydride? |
With an alcohol under room temperature (Nucleophilic addition elimination) |
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How do you produce Nitrobenzene from benzene? |
Low temperature of below 55 degrees Electrophilic substitution (nitration) Concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid |
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How is phenylethanone produced from benzene? |
Electrophilic substitution (acylation) AlCl3 catalyst CH3COCl |
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How do you produce a primary alcohol from a halogenoalkane? |
NaOH Nucleophilic substitution Heat under reflux |
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How do you produce a tertiary alcohol from a halogenoalkane? |
NaOH Heat under reflux Nucleophilic substitution |
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How do you produce a halogenoalkane from an alkane? |
Halogen UV light Free radical |
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How do you produce a secondary alcohol from a secondary halogenoalkane? |
NaOH heat under refluc Nucleophilic substitution |
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How do you form a carboxylic acid from an acid/acyl chloride? |
Water Nucelophilic addition elimination Room temperature |
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How do you produce a ketone from a secondary alcohol? |
Oxidation Heat under reflux Acidified potassium dichromate |
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How do you produce a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde? |
Vigorous oxidation Heat under reflux Excess acidified potassium dichromate |
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How do you produce an amide from an acid anydride? |
Concentrated ammonia Room temperature (nucleophilic addition elimination) |
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How do you produce a dihaloalkane from an alkene? |
With a halogen Electrophilic addition |
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How do you produce a halogenoalkane from an alkene? |
HX Electrophilic addition |
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How do you produce an aldehyde from a carboxylic acid? |
Reduction In dry ether LiAlH4 |
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How do you produce an ammonium salt from a carboxylic acid? |
Ammonia solution Room temperature Neutralisation |
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How do your produce a primary amide from an acid/acyl chloride? |
Ammonia Room temperature Nucleophilic addition elimination |
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How do you produce an ester from an acid/acyl chloride? |
Alcohol Room temperature Nucleophilic addition elimination |
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How do you produce an alcohol from an alkene? |
Water Concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst 300 degrees, 7MPa Electrophilic addition |
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How do you produce a hydroxynitrile from an aldehyde or ketone? |
KCN, followed by dilute acid Nucleophilic addition |
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How do you produce a primary alcohol from a carboxylic acid? |
LiAlH4 dry ether Nucleophilic addition-reduction |
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How do you produce a primary amine from a nitrile? |
Nucleophilic addition- reduction Dry ether LiAlH4 |
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How do you produce a primary amine from a primary halogenoalkane? |
concentrated NH3 Excess NH3 dissolved in ethanol Nucleophilic substitution |
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How do you produce a sodium salt from a carboxylic acid? |
NaOH Room temperature Neutralisation |
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How do you produce a nitrile from a primary halogenoalkane? |
KCN dissolved in ethanol Nucleophilic substitution |
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How do you produce a secondary alcohol from a ketone? |
Nucleophilic addition- reduction NaBH4 Dissolved in water with methanol |
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How do you produce a primary alcohol from an aldehyde? |
Nucleophilic addition- reduction NaBH4 Dissolved in water with methanol |
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What is the reaction for Nitrobenzene to Phenylamine? |
Sn/HCl Heat under reflux, add NaOH Reduction |
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What is the reaction for a carboxylic acid to an Ester? |
Alcohol Concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst Nucleophilic addition elimination |
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What is the reaction for an Ester to a carboxylic acid? |
Acid hydrolysis Dilute HCl , water Heat under reflux |
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What is the reaction for an alcohol to an alkene? |
Elimination 170 degrees concentrated sulfuric acid concentrated phosphoric acid |
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What is the reaction for a primary halogenoalkane to a secondary amine? |
Primary amine Amine dissolved in ethanol Nucleophilic substitution |
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What is the reaction for an Ester to a salt of a carboxylic acid? |
Sodium hydroxide solution Heat under reflux Base hydrolysis |
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What is the reaction for a halogenoalkane to an alkene? |
KOH dissolved in ethanol Heat under reflux Elimination |
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What is the reaction for an alkene to dibromoalkane? |
Br2 25 degrees |
