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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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speed |
is the distance traveled divided by the time it took to travel that distance meters per second (m/s); scalar unit- defined by magnitude (no direction) |
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velocity |
speed of an object in a given direction; vector unit (magnitude and direction; m/s (direction) |
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acceleration |
is the rate at which the velocity of an object changes over time; velocity/time = acceleration; m/s^2 |
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motion |
is the change in an object's position relative to a fixed reference point: Straight line motion- is motion in one dimension; driving car in one direction Projectile motion- motion of an object that is dropped, shot, thrown, launched, or otherwise thrust into the air; explains two dimension motion Circular motion- motion of an object around a fixed point; requires a continual input of energy Periodic motion- is any motion repeated in equal time intervals; required continuous energy |
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Newton's first law of motion |
law of inertia- an object continues in a state of rest or motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force; property of mass (amount of matter an object contains); weight (measure of gravitational force on an object) |
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friction |
is the force that opposes the relative motion of all moving bodies; acts to slow down moving objects |
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work |
transfer of energy; w=f x d; unit = Joule (J) |
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energy |
a systems ability to make changes; transferred through the action of work Chemical- stored in glucose molecules Electrical- created by other types of energy Light energy- spectrum of electromagnetic waves Mechanical energy- potential or kinetic Thermal energy- amount of heat contained in an object |
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power |
the rate at which work is done, how fast work is done; power=joules/seconds; unit watt |
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gravity |
is the force of attraction that gives weight to objects with mass and causes those objects to fall when dropped on Earth |
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Law of universal gravitation |
all objects are attracted to each other because of gravitational force, dependent on their masses and distance from each other
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acceleration |
is the rate at which velocity changes over time; due to gravity acceleration is the same for all objects |
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Newton's second law of motion |
the acceleration of an object is equal to the amount of force applied to the object divided by the mass of the object; force= mass x acceleration |
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Newton's third law of motion |
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction; described forces acting in pairs |
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work, force, distance triangle |
w=f x d f=w/d d=w/f |
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force |
any action on an object that produces a change in motion, push or a pull; N newton |
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momentum |
is the tendency of objects to keep moving in the same direction with the same speed; mass x velocity=momentum conservation of momentum- states that the total amount of momentum in a system cannot change |
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collisions |
elastic collision- objects bounce off each other with no loss in kinetic energy inelastic collision- colliding objects stick together, some of the kinetic energy is lost |
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simple machines |
is the simplest device that provides a mechanical advantage by changing the direction or magnitude of a force inclined plane- a slanting surface that connects a lower level to a higher level lever- a rigid structure that lifts or moves loads and rests on a fulcrum; first class- fulcrum in the middle (sea saw) second class- fulcrum at one end of structure (wheel barrow) third class- spatula pulley- an axle through a grooved wheel, which rope is used to raise or lower objects; fixed, moveable or block and tackle screw- turns rotating motion into linear motion wedge- inclined plane that can be be moved to separate two substances wheel and axle- |
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mechanical advantage |
is a number that tells the amount that a force is multiplied by a machine; the higher the number the more MA |
