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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of SBS?
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Sick Building Syndrome. "SBS (by one definition) is a situation wherein more than 20% of the occupants complain of the symptoms associated with SBS..." (112)
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What are some of the symptoms of SBS Sick Building Syndrome?
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Some symptoms of SBS are:
"headaches upper respiratory irritation irritations of the eyes.... If these symptoms disappear after occupants leave the workplace...SBS is strongly indicated." (112) |
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Are acceptable thermal conditions and acceptable IAQ the same?
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No.
"Acceptable thermal conditions and acceptable IAQ are NOT synonymous." (112) |
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What is the definition of acceptable indoor air quality?
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"ASHRAE (2004) has defined acceptable indoor air quality as:
'air in which there are no known contaminants at harmful concentrations as determined by cognizant authorities and with which a substantial majority (80% or more) of the people exposed do not express dissatisfaction.'" (112) |
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What are the four considerations for providing acceptable IAQ?
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"Providing acceptable IAQ depends upon four major considerations, three of which depend largely on the designer:
1. Limiting pollution at the source... 2. Isolating unavoidable sources of pollution 3. Providing for an adequate supply and filtering of fresh air (and recirculated air) 4. Maintaing a building and its equipment in clean condition." (112) |
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What are the 3 effects of indoor air pollution?
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3 effects of indoor air pollution are:
odors irritants toxic substances (113) |
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How are odors usually filtered from indoor air?
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"Filtering odors from indoor air is usually accomplished with electronic or activated charcoal filters..." (113)
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What are the 3 TYPES of contaminants to indoor air pollution?
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"Indoor air pollution...contaminants
gaseous organic particulate..." (113) |
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What is a typical office environment odor blend?
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"A typical office environment odor blend may include
body odors grooming products (perfumes, colognes) copy machines food products cleaning fluids outgassing from materials tobacco smoke..." (113) |
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Why is CO2 concentration used as a first indicator of potential IAQ problems?
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"Often a simple measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2) is used as a first indicator... of potential IAQ problems related to occupancy, because
the CO2 concentration indoors is generally proportional to the human concentration." (113) |
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What are typical sources of irritants in a new building?
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"New and newly renovated buildings are particularly prone to problems from outgassing of
paints, adhesives, sealants, office furniture, carpeting and vinyl wall coverings. (113) |
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What are VOCs?
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"Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are chemicals containing carbon molecules that are volatile: that is, they off-gas or evaporate from material surfaces at room temperature." (113)
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What are some common VOCs?
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"The VOC list is long:
methane ethane methylene chloride trichloroethane chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) formaldehyde styrene benzene alcohols" (113) |
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What produces ozone in a building?
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"Ozone...produced by copy machines, high voltage electrical equipment and... electrostatic air cleaners." (113)
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What are the 2 main toxic particulate substances?
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asbestos
"respirable particles...that result from incomplete combustion..." (116) |
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What are some biological contaminants?
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"...biological contaminants...
bacteria fungi viruses algae insect parts dust..." (116) |
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What encourages biological contaminants?
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"Moisture encourages both the retention and growth of these contaminants...
standing water... moist interior surfaces..." (116) |
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What are 3 examples of harmful soil gases?
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3 examples of harmful soil gases are:
radon methane pesticides (116) |
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After controlling pollution sources, what is the most common remedy for SBS?
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"The most common remedy for SBS (after controlling pollution sources) is to
increase the rate of outdoor air ventilation." (116) |
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What is the ventilation rate at which human body odor control is usually achieved?
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"... human body odor control is usually achieved at a rate of from 6 to 9 cfm... of outdoor air per occupant... (116)
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What is ACH
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ACH Air Changes per Hour (117)
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When site planning, where should air intakes be located in relation to pollution sources?
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"On a site-planning scale, try to locate air intakes upwind from pollution sources." (118)
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What is the best aspect of operable windows?
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"Perhaps the best aspect of operable windows is that they give the building occupants some control over the source of outdoor air." (121)
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What is the worst aspect of operable windows?
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"Perhaps the worst aspect (of operable windows) is that they rarely offer any means of filtering (the) incoming air." (121)
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What is the stack effect?
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Since hot air rises, colder air can intake near the bottom of a building and the air will naturally rise and be vented through the top of the building, creating its own air flow. This flow can be assisted and augmented by a fan on top of the building. (123 - 125)
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Name 4 passive and low energy approaches to ventilation.
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Passive and low energy approaches to ventilation:
a. windows b. stack effect c. underslab ventilation d. preheating ventilation air (121-126) |
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What is a precaution against soil gas?
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"A precaution against soil gas is to design for a passive sub-slab depressurization system." (125)
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What is the object of a sub-slab depressurization system?
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"The object (of a sub-slab depressurization system) is to allow aire within this rock layer to enter the open end of the pipe...slab is poured and...sealed... and the pipe is extended...through the roof where is can vent radon and other soil gases to a safer place." (125)
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What is a good way to preheat ventilation air during the winter?
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"Winter preheating of fresh air on a south wall using an unglazed transpired collector...tiny holes in the aluminum skin admit air to a cavity outside the wall's insulation, where it is preheated by the sun on the dark aluminum...A fan draws this air to a supply plenum after which it is distributed to the space." (128)
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Why is acceptable IAQ easier to achieve if the heating and cooling systems utilize forced air motion?
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"...acceptable IAQ is easier to achieve if the heating and cooling systems utilize forced air motion, because some filtering is built into the air-handling equipment." (129)
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What do exhaust fans do?
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"Exhaust fans remove aire that is odorous and/or excessively humid before it can be spread beyond bathrooms, kitchens, or process areas, creating a negatively pressured area that further limits the spread of undesirable air." (129)
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What is the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard requirement for user controlled exhaust fans in bathrooms?
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"ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2004... requires intermittent (user-controlled) exhaust fans of at least 50-cfm capacity for bathrooms..." (129)
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What is the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard requirement for user controlled exhaust fans in kitchens?
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"ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2004... requires intermittent (user-controlled) exhaust fans of at least...100 cfm for kitchens." (129)
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What is the minimum capacity for a principal exhaust fan?
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"(Principal exhaust fan's) capacity should be at least 50% of the entire system's capacity." (129)
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What is a principal exhaust fan?
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"A more comprehensive approach in a residence includes the addition of a principal exhaust fan, which should be centrally located...quiet, and suitable for continuous use." (129)
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What do make-up air heaters/coolers do?
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"Make-up air heaters/coolers...prevent negative indoor air pressure by providing replacement (make-up) air for the air that is exhausted from processes indoors." (131)
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Where would one commonly find special equipment that heats or cools especially large quantities of make-up air?
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"Especially common in factories or laboratory buildings with high exhaust air requirements, these simple devices often supplement the building's main heating/cooling system..." (129)
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Why are heat exchangers used?
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"When a heat exchanger is used, it is possible to maintain an adequte supply of fresh air without severe energy consumption consequences." (130)
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For best diffusion of incoming fresh air throughout a building, where should a heat exchanger be installed?
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"For the best diffusion of incoming fresh air through a building, the heat exchanger should be incorporated at the central forced-air fan..." (130)
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