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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What family does measles virus belong to? How many serotypes of measles are there?
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*the paramyxoviruses
*there is only one serotype of measles |
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How is measles acquired?
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Through inspiration of aerosolized droplets.
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How long is the incubation period for measles? What symptoms are seen in a typical infection? What clinical sign is diagnostic?
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*incubation period is 10-14 days
*symptoms include fever, cough & runny nose, rash that first appears on head and neck *Koplik's spots - red lesions with white centers that appear on buccal mucosa |
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Name some complications of measles.
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*encephalomyelitis
*giant cell or primary measles pneumonia *secondary bacterial pneumonia *keratoconjunctivitis *subacute sclerosing panencephalitis |
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What persons are at risk for atypical measles? How does this condition present clinically?
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*persons who received the killed vaccine between 1963-1967
*there is an atypical rash (w/o Koplik's spots) and often a serious pneumonitis |
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What is the structure of the measles virion and its genome?
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*helical nucleocapsid with an envelope
*genome is one molecule of (-) ssRNA |
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Describe the proteins found on the envelope of the measles virus.
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*H glycoprotein that has hemagluttinating activity
*F glycoprotein that has cell fusing activity...this protein must be cleaved by a host protease to become active |
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What causes the rash seen in measles? When might the rash not be seen?
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It is due to cell-mediated immunity. Persons with compromised immunity may not display the rash.
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What is the target of the neutralizing antibody in measles? Are maternal antibodies protective?
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*antibody is directed towards the H glycoprotein
*maternal antibodies provide protection for 6 months, although they might interfere with vaccine |
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Why might a patient with measles have a concomittant infection with a second agent?
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Measles is characterized by depression of CMI.
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T/F:
Acquisition of measles depends on close contact with infected persons. |
False: the virus is able to survive for four hours outside the body so close contact isn't neccessary.
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What is the biggest problem comcerning MMR vaccination in the US?
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It is a live virus vaccine thus requires storage under refrigeration.
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What family does mumps belong to? How many serotypes exist?
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*Paramyxoviruses
*there is only one serotype |
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How long is the incubation period of the mumps virus? What is the common clinical presentation?
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*18 days
*swollen salivary glands (parotitis); 30% of all cases are subclinical |
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What complications can arise from mumps?
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*orchitis
*asceptic meningitis *involvement of epithelia in ovaries or kidneys |
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What glycoproteins are present on the envelope of the mumps virus?
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*one with both with hemagglutinating (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) activity
*one with fusion (F) activity |
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How is mumps spread? When are infections more common?
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*spread by aerosolized droplets
*peak in winter and spring months |
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What family does rubella belong to? What makes it unique among members of this family? Describe the structure of its virion and genome.
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*togaviruses
*most other togaviruses have an arthropod vector *icosahedral nucleocapsid with envelope *genome is one molecule of (+) ssRNA |
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Where in the host cell does the rubella virus replicate?
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*in the cytoplasm
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What is the incubation period of rubella? What is the clinical presentation?
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*14-21 days
*rash, arthralgia...most cases are subclinical |
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What is the danger of rubella in a pregnant woman?
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If the woman is non-immune, the fetus is at risk for congenital rubella syndrome which may cause spontaneous aboortion, hearing loss, cataracts, or persistent infection.
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How is rubella transmitted? What time of year is it most common?
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*aerosolized droplets
*springtime epidemics every few years |
