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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What should be seen on a normal blood smear?
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RBC's that are the size of lymphocyte nucleus
- RBC's whose central pallor is 1/3 of the diameter |
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What are the 3 mains reasons why Bone Marrow is biopsied/looked at?
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1. Rule in/out production defect
2. Known diagnosis of leukemia 3. Staging of heme |
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What 2 studies are part of a bone marrow study?
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1. Bone Marrow Biopsy - use to see architecture / spatial shit
2. Bone Marrow aspirate - use to see cell morphology better |
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What is the purpose of immunophenotyping?
Composed of what 2 tests? |
Detects which proteins are expressed in cells
Composed of: 1. Flow Cytometry 2. Immunohistochemistry |
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What is the first characteristic that should be examined in bone marrow biopsy?
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Cellularity (30-70% normal)
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How does cellularity change with age?
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It decreases
Cellularity % = 100 - age |
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What are granulocytes?
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Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils
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What are erythroid precursors give rise to?
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RBCs
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What do myeloid cells give rise to?
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EVERYTHING (granulocytes, platelets, RBCs) EXCEPT lymphocytes (B/T cells)
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What are lymphocytes?
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B or T cells
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Overall, what is seen in Myeloid cell maturation?
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Blue --> Pink
Large cell --> smaller cell Round Nucleus --> lobed nucleus |
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Overall, what is seen in Erythroid cell maturation?
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Nucleus remains round, then expulsed
Cytoplasm acquired Hg, goes blue --> pink |
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What are the usual proportions seen in bone marrow?
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1. Mature > Less mature
2. Myeloid : Erythroid 3:1 3. Megakaryocytes = scattered |
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What are the 4 overall steps in marrow evaluation?
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1. Assess cellularity
2. Assess relative cell type amounts 3. Assess maturation 4. Look for abnormal cells |
