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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a parasitic intestinal and/or biliary tract infection?
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Giardiasis
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This parasite infection occurs world wide, it is the number one intestinal protozoal pathogen in the U.S. and Europe?
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Giardiasis
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In Giardiasis what is the predominant age of humans affected?
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children and 20-40 year olds
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Frequent diarrhea, becomes watery, copious frothy, malodorous and greasy is a physical finding in what parasitic infection?
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Giardiasis
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What is the Rx for Giardiasis?
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Metronidazole 250mg PO TID for seven days.
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This is a protozal parasistic infection of the colon?
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Amebiasis
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What are the modes of transmission for Amebiasis?
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Infected food and water
oral fecal route |
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What is the incubation period for Amebiasis?
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2-4 weeks, severe case appear in 8 days
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In a pt. with Amebiasis and mild or moderate colitis will present with what physical findings.
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Fatigue, hyperactive bowels, and remission periods with constipation.
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A patient with Amebiasis and severe dysentery has what physical findings?
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Frequent bowel movements 10-20 QD. Stools are semiformed with little fecal matter.
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What happens as the severity of Amebiasis increases?
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Temperature rises to 105
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What is a febrile, flulike illness, caused by the genus plasmodium?
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Malaria
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What are the four types of Malaria?
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P. Falciparum
P. Vivax P. Malaria P. Ovale |
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What is the mode of transmission for Malaria?
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Female Anopheles mosquito
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What are the general findings of Malaria?
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fever
rigors diaphoriasis fatigue and malaise nausea and vomitting mild jauandice mild hepatomegaly with tenderness splenomegaly |
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What physical findings are specific to P. Falciprarum?
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Bloody diarrhea
Headache Seizures |
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How often do you repeat a malarial smear?
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Every 6 hours
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What is the drug of choice in the operational treatment of malaria?
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Mefloquine 750mg
Primaquine 26.3mg |
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What are complications of Malaria?
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Cerebral malaria
Hemolytic anemia Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema |
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Cerebral malaria presents as what physical findings?
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H/A
Retinal hemorrhages Convulsions Delerium Coma |
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What is the most serious form of Malaria that causes a serious infection, with a higher fatality rate?
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P. Falciparum
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What is a blood fluke infection with adult and female worms living within mesenteric or venules of veins of the host
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Schistosomiasis (Snail Fever)
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Humans are the main reservoir for which species of blood fluke?
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S. Mansoni
Haematobium |
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What is described as localized itchy erythematous or petechial rash that progresses to macules, and papules lasting up to 5 days
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Cercarial dermatitis
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Acute schistomiasis has an incubation period of how long? It is also seen in who?
And what is a significant manifestation? |
2-7 weeks
Travelers Diarrhea (it may be bloody) |
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What are the physical findings of chronic schistomiasis in S. Mansoni and Japonicum?
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Irregular bowel movements, and anorexia with weight loss over 5-15 years.
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S. Haematobium usually only presents chronically with what?
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Early SX of UTI, frequency, dysuria.
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What can be found in the UA of a pt. with Snail fever?
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Hematuria and proteinuria
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What is a complication of S. Haematobium?
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Strictures or distortion of ureteral orfices such as, Urolithaisis, and renal failure.
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What is a polymorphic protozoan disease of the skin and mucous membranes?
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Leishmaniasis
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A parasitic infection caused by a nematode (round worm) is defined as?
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Ascariasis
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Ascariasis affects what amount of people world wide?
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1 billion people
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High prevalence where there is low hygiene and sanitation standards, and in moist tropical countries (Thailand) is a demographic of what infection?
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Ascariasis
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Where night soil is utilized as a fertilizer is a demographic of what infection?
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Ascariasis
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What is the most common intestinal helminthes?
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Ascarias lumbricoides
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What parasitic infection is not transmitted by person to person contact, or from fresh feces?
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Ascarias
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What are physical findings of Ascarias?
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Sx's occur from larva migration to lungs
Non-productive cough Blood tinged sputum Wheezing and localized rales Dyspnea Substernal px |
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Sx's occuring from larva migration to the lungs is a physical finding of what infection?
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Ascarias
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Eosinophils may reach 30 to 50%, and remain high for 1 month in which phase of the CBC of a pt w/ Ascarias?
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Pulmonary phase
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Normal eosinophils will be seen in which phase of the CBC of a pt w/ Ascarias?
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Intestinal phase
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What is the tx for Ascarias?
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Mebendazole (vermox)
500 mg PO single dose, or 100 mg PO BID x 3 days. Repeat tx in 2 wks |
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A intestinal round worm disease, whose larvae migrate and become encapsulated in the muscle is defined as?
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Trichinosis
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What are the 3 stages of Trichinosis?
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Intestinal stage
Muscle invasion stage Convalescent stage |
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In what stage of Trichinosis will permanent muscle atrophy occur?
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Convalescent stage
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Parasitized muscle showing intense inflammatory reaction can be seen in which stage of Trichinosis?
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Muscle Invasion stage
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Visceral Leishmaniasis is also known as?
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Kala Azar
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Visceral Leishmaniasis is caused by what?
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L. Donovani
L. Infantun L. Chagasi |
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What is the incubation period for Visceral Leishmaniasis?
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10 days thru 24 months usually 4-6 months.
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What are physical findings of Visceral Leishmaniasis?
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Chills
Weight loss Hepatosplenomegaly Jaundice Ascites |
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In what protozoan disease do lesions vary from single to multiple on exposed skin, have a phased progression from papule to nodule becoming either ulcerated or wart like?
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Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
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In which protozoan disease are nonulcerating lesions, resembling lepromatous, and leprosy over entire body presents it self?
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Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
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What is the incubation period for P. Falciparum?
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9-14 days mean is 12
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What is the incubation period for P. Vivax?
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12-17 days mean is 13
may go as long as 6-12 months |
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What is the incubation period for P. Malariae?
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18-40 days mean is 28
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What is the incubation period for P. Ovale?
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16-18 days mean is 17
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Eosinophilia and leukocytosis appear in what amount of time in a CBC of a pt w/ Trichinosis?
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2 weeks
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How long will it take for eosinophilia to reach 90% in the CBC of a pt w/ Trichinosis?
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in the 3rd week (slowly declines to normal over next few months)
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What is the tx for Trichinosis?
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Mebendazole
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A noninvasive infestation of the intestinal tract by a helminth is defined as?
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Enterobiasis (Pinworm)
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Eggs hatching in the stomalch and then migrating to the colon is the etiology of what infection?
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Enterobiasis (Pinworm)
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After eggs mature in the colon, Gravid female worms will migrate to what area of the body of a pt w/ Pinworm?
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Perianal skin (at night)
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How does the life cycle continue of a pinworm?
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Autoinfection to the mouth by contaminated food, drink, formites, or hands (nails)
Larvae re-enter the anus and into the large intestine |
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What is the most common complaint of a pt w/ Pinworms?
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Perianal itching (at night)
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How many Scotch tape test are required to truly r/o possible infestation of Pinworms?
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7 tests
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What is a rare complication that occurs in females when infected w/ Pinworms?
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Vulvovaginitis
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Which types of helminthes cause Uncinariasis?
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Ancylostoma duidenale
Necator americanus |
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A pt complaining of dry cough, wheezing, blood-tinged sputum and low-grade fever are physical findings of the pulmonary stage of what infection?
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Uncinariasis
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What are the physical findings in the heavy infection of a pt infected w/ Uncinariasis?
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Anorexia
Diarrhea Vague abd. px Ulcer-like epigastric px Pallor, and deformed nails |
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What is the operational tx of Uncinariasis?
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Mebendazole 100 mg (Repeat in 2 wks)
Multivitamin High protein diet |
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A genus of parasitic flatworms belonging to the class cestode, known to cause disease in man is defined as?
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Tapeworm
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Tania Saginata is also known as what?
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Beeftape worm
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Taenia Solium is also known as what?
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Porktape worm
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Diphyllobothrium latum is also known as what?
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Fishtape worm
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Hymenoplis nana is also known as what?
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Dwarf tapeworm
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How is Hymenoplis nana (dwarf tapeworm) transmitted?
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Direct person to person contact, where sanitation is poor
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What physical findings will you see in small worm infection of a pt w/ tapeworms?
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Generally asymptomatic
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What physical findings will you see in large worm infection of a pt w/ tapeworms?
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May also be asymptomatic
Vague GI problems (N/V/Abd px) Systemic Sx's (Fatigue/Hunger/ Dizziness) |
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An infectious disease caused by a fungus, typically asymptomatic, but with severe complications and potentially poor prognosis is defined as?
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Coccidiomycosis
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Fungus being a barrel-shaped hyphae is the etiology of what infection?
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Coccidiomycosis
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Symptoms of primary infection of a pt w/ Coccidiomycosis include?
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Cough
Malaise Fever, Chills, Night sweats Anorexia Weakness Arthralgias Scattered rales & areas that are dull to percussion w/ auscultation |
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What is the tx of Coccidiomycosis?
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Fluconizole 200 to 400 mg
Supportive care |
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What is the causative agent of Histoplasmosis?
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Histoplasma capsulatum
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A dimorphic fungus that has been isolated from soil contaminated by bird or bat droppings is the etiology of what infectious disease?
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Histoplasmosis
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What are the physical findings of acute histoplasmosis?
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Fever, HA, Malaise, Pleuritic CP, nonproductive cough, and weight loss
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What stage of Lyme Disease is characterized by erythema migrans, occuring 1 wk after the tick bite?
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Stage 1
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What is the definition of a fever of unknown origin?
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Abnormal elevation in temp.
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When TX a fever of unknown origin the IDC must contact MO when the temparatures meets what guidelines?
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Temp. is 100.4 or 102.9f for 48 hours or temp is 103f
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In the operational TX of a fever of unknown origin what is done for each of the following causes?
Viral Bacterial Parasitic |
Viral- Supportive care avoid Asprin
Bacterial- antibiotic therapy Parasitic- Mebendazole and cordinate with higher medical authority. |
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What will every person suffer from at least once a year, and is the most common medical disorder seen by primary care practitioners?
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Acute Diarrhea
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What is the goal in the diagnostic approach to treating acute diarrhea?
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To determine the cause.
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In the operational TX of acute diarrhea what is done for each of the following causes?
Viral Bacterial Parasitic |
viral- supportive care
bacterial- diet change, and antibiotic therapy parasitic- Mebendazole and coordinate with higher medical authority |
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What is the multisystem disorder caused by the transmission of a spirochete from a tick?
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Lyme disease
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What is the most common vector bourne disease in the U.S.?
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Lyme disease
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What is the TX of early Lyme disease?
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Doxycycline 100mg BID x21days
Alt is Amoxicillin 500mg QID x21days |
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What is the TX for disseminated infection of Lyme's disease?
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Doxycycline 100mg BID x30days
If neurological involvement TX with parenteral Ceftriaxone 2g QD x21-28days |
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What is the range of Stage 1 of Lyme's Disease?
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3 to 30 days
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What are the most common manifestations in Stage 2 of Lyme's Dz?
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Skin, CNS, and musculoskeletal system
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Cardiac manifestations including myopericarditis, w/ atrial or ventricular arrhythmias and heart block are physical findings of what stage of Lyme's Dz?
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Stage 2
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Neurologically patients will manifest what sx's in the final stage of Lyme's Dz?
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Memory loss
Mood changes Sleep disturbance Distal sensory paresthesias or radicular px |
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In the final stage of Lyme's Dz, 60% of the pt's will develop musculoskeletal complaints, but with variable manifestations to include?
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Joint and periarticular px
Large joint frank arthritis Chronic synovitis |
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A late persistent infection that occurs months to years after initial infection and again manifests itself as musculoskeletal, neurological, and skin dz is what stage of Lyme's dz?
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Third and Final stage
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What is the range of Stage 1 of Lyme's Disease?
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3 to 30 days
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What are the most common manifestations in Stage 2 of Lyme's Dz?
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Skin, CNS, and musculoskeletal system
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Cardiac manifestations including myopericarditis, w/ atrial or ventricular arrhythmias and heart block are physical findings of what stage of Lyme's Dz?
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Stage 2
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Neurologically patients will manifest what sx's in the final stage of Lyme's Dz?
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Memory loss
Mood changes Sleep disturbance Distal sensory paresthesias or radicular px |
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In the final stage of Lyme's Dz, 60% of the pt's will develop musculoskeletal complaints, but with variable manifestations to include?
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Joint and periarticular px
Large joint frank arthritis Chronic synovitis |
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A late persistent infection that occurs months to years after initial infection and again manifests itself as musculoskeletal, neurological, and skin dz is what stage of Lyme's dz?
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Third and Final stage
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