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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fluids from damaged intracellular spaces inundating extracellular space of tissue.
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Swelling
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Injury to a ligament. Can be complete or partial tear of ligaments or when they are torn from their attachment at the bone.
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Sprain
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A partial disruption short of complete rupture.
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Strain
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A Fx where the bone is broken in more than two places.
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Comminuted Fx
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Hairline Fx w/o loss of anatomic configuration.
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Nondisplaced Fx
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Separation of Fx fragments with loss of anatomic configuration.
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Displaced Fx
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Bending or angular deformity may result from separation of Fx fragments or from asymmetric impaction of cancellous bone fragments.
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Angulated Fx
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Bone fragment (usually near joints) pulled off by attached ligaments or tendons.
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Avulsion Fx
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A disruption of the normal relationship of articular surfaces of two bones that form a joint, in which the bones have completely moved out of their normal positions.
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Dislocation
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What is R.I.C.E.
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Rest
Ice Compression Elevation |
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Where is the most common sit of Fx of the clavicle?
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Middle third
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In a clavicle Fx the lateral fragment will be pulled which way?
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Inferiorly and medially
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What are the complications of extremity Fx
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Neurovascular compromise
infection(osteitis) shock fat embolism permanent deformity loss of function |
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How can distraction of the leg be managed in a femur Fx?
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Hare Traction Splint
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Why should you be aware of concurrent knee injury with femur Fx?
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Danger of fat embolism and vascular compromise
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High cervical lesions above what may cause death from respiratory insufficiency?
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Above C-5
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What should you check while assessing and managing vertebral Fx?
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Airway
Gag reflex Adequacy of ventilations |
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An increased interstitial pressure within a closed fascial compartment.
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Compartment Syndrome
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When does necrosis from compartment syndrome become irreversible?
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4-6 hrs
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What should be expected in any unconscious Pt with a swollen limb?
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Compartment syndrome
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What is a good treatment for compartment syndrome only if performed within a few hours after onset?
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Fasciotomy
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The ligament has mild or minimal strain but there is no laxity. Swelling and ecchymosis in usually minimal
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Grade I sprain
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Significant, incomplete tear. On physical exam there is laxity but also a convincing end point, beyond which no further opening of the joint occurs.
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Grade II sprain
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Total failure of the joint. No end point is felt when stress is applied to the ligament during exam. Severe swelling and ecchymosis.
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Grade III sprain
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What is the most common dislocated joint in the body?
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Shoulder dislocation
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What % of shoulder dislocations are anterior and what % are posterior?
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95% Anterior
5% Posterior |
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What method is used to reduce a shoulder dislocation?
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Water bucket or sand bag method
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What analgesic is given to effect reduction?
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Morphine
(Valium & Demerol are alternates) |
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How is morphine given for reduction?
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3-5mg IV w/3-5mg increments q5-15min until relaxed followed by Narcan to reverse opiate effect and add NSAIDs for anti-inflammatory effect.
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How will a pt present with posterior hip dislocation?
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Hip in position of flexion, adduction and internally rotated
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What is caused by a benign protrusion in the synovial lining or joint capsule?
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Ganglion Cyst
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What is the Dx of a Pt that presents with hip in extension, abduction and externally rotated without shortening?
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Anterior hip dislocation
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What are the three most common locations for ganglion cysts?
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Wrist
Digital Flexor Sheath Distal Interphalangeal Joint |
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A metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high levels of urate crystals (Uric Acid) in the blood.
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Gout
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Where does gout usually present?
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Joint of the great toe
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What is the drug of choice to treat gout?
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Indomethacin (Indocen)
25-50mg po TID |
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In Chronic phase of gout, what is given to minimize uric acid deposits in the tissues?
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Colchicine (less desired due to ABD cramping)
Diet-eliminate purine rich food Allopurinol 100mg po qd x1wk |
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Pain, edema and tenderness of one or more of the costal cartilages. Pain accentuated by coughing and breathing (inspiration)
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Costochondritis
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Bursitis usually occurs in what age group?
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Middle Age
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What are the clinical findings of bursitis?
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-Localized edema secondary to inflammation of the bursal sac
-Irritation, inflammation -Sudden or gradual Px -Restricted ROM |
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What is the most common type of arthritis? (Sx increase w/age)
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Osteoarthritis
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What is the only way to Dx Chondromalacia Patella?
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Arthroscopic exam
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An injury to a ligament occurring when a joint is carried through a ROM greater than normal w/o dislocation or Fx
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Sprain
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