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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a decrease in the frequency, volume, or ease of stool passage?
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Constipation
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What are 2 causes of constipation in regards to physical activity?
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Inadequate exercise
Prolonged bedrest |
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What are 3 causes of constipation other than decrease physical activities?
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Neurogenic abnormalities
Psychogenic disorders Enemas |
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In the TX/ prevention of constipation how much fluid should a person consume?
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6-8 glasses
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What is Psyllium bhdrophilic mucolloid and methylcellulose?
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Metamucil
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What is a side effect of Metamucil?
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Increased flatus
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What is the mixture for Soapsuds Enema?
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75ml per liter of water
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What type of enema is a Soapsuds enema?
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irritating
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What is a collection of putty-like or hardened feces in the rectum or sigmoid colon?
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Fecal impaction
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What are two possible TX for a Fecal Impaction?
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Digital break up or Dislodged by Sigmoidoscopy
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What is a medical emergency caused by a complete or partial blockage of the small or large bowel lumen?
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Intestinal Obstruction
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Carcinoma is usually associated with what in an intestinal obstruction?
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Large bowel obstruction
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What usually results from a paralytic ileus and is the most common of all intestinal obstructions?
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Nonmechanical obstruction
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What is a hallmark sign of mechanical obstruction?
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Distended abdomen
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What type of pattern develops in a small bowel obstruction?
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Stepladder pattern of alternating fluid gas levels
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Most cases of Paralytic Ileus disappear spontaneously in how many days?
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2-3 days
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What is the 5 year survival rate in rectal cancer?
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80%
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What is the 5 year survival rate in colon cancer?
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85%
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Where does a greater incidence of colorectal cancer occur in regards to economic development?
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Areas of high economic development (METROPOLITANS).
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What is seen in 80% of pt.'s with portal HTN regardless of cause?
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Splenomegaly
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What is a reversible disease and the most common precursor of cirrhosis
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Alcholic hepatitis
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What is a DDX for Alcoholic hepatitis?
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Cholecystitis
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What is the definition of vomitting blood?
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Hematemesis
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What is the term for black tarry stool?
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melena
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What is the term for passing gross blood per rectum?
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Hematochezia
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What usually indicates a lower GI bleed?
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Hematochezia
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A pt that presents with a pulse rate > 110, bp less than 100 (or orthostatic drop of 16mmHg or more), oliguria, cold clammy extremities, and often mental status change, what is the possible DX?
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Major blood loss from GI bleed
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What bulk forming laxative is used to relieve constipation?
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Metamucil
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What is the sig for SS enema?
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75ml of soap sol. per lt. of water
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What is associated with large bowel obstruction and the cause of mechanical obstruction?
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Carcinoma
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What is the most common complaint in all types of bowel obstruction?
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Hiccups
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What drugs can cause an increased water content in stool?
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Ducosate sodium or calcium (Surfak, Colace)
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What are the functional causes of fecal impaction?
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Bulk Laxative
Antacids Residual barium from X-ray study Low residue diet, starvation Drug-induced colonic stasis Prolonged bedrest and debility |
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Why must you order functional studies for a pt. w/ nausea and vomiting?
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R/O other GI causes
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This may be self induced or may occur involuntarily in situations perceived by the pt. to be anxiety inducing, threating or in some way distasteful?
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Functional N/V
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Pt. with a non-mechanical bowel obstructin such as paralytic ileus usually describes it how?
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As diffuse abdominal discomfort, instead of colicky pain
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This is used for visual inspection and photography of the colon up to the ileocecal valve and permitsaccess for biopsies of lesions?
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Colonoscopy
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