Mdt 15.5 Cardiology

Front 1

What is a regular loss of rhythm, especially of the heart?

Back 1

Arrhythmia

Front 2

What is an irregular heart action caused by physiological or pathological disturbances in the discharge of cardiac impulses from the SA node or their transmission through conductile tissue of the heart?

Back 2

Cardiac Arrhythmia

Front 3

What is a cyclic increase in normal heart rate with inspiration and decrease with expiration?

Back 3

Sinus Arrhythmia

Front 4

What is a heart rate slower than 50bpm due to increased vagal influence on the normal pacemaker or organic disease of the sinus node?

Back 4

Sinus Bradycardia

Front 5

What is a rapid regular rhythm due to a constant well defined macroreentrant circuit in the right atrium?

Back 5

Atrial Flutter

Front 6

What is an intermittent, rapid, irregular atrial rhythm due to multiple reentrant wavelets?

Back 6

Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Front 7

What are premature beats resulting from an abnormal electrical focus in the ventricles?

Back 7

Ventricular Ectopic Beats (premature ventricular beats, premature ventricular contractions)

Front 8

What do you have when the ECG shows one "QRS" for every "P" wave, but the "PR" interval is greater than normal?

Back 8

First Degree Heart Block,
Atrioventricular Block

Front 9

What is the generic term for several diseases in which the aterial wall becomes thickened and loses it's elasticity?

Back 9

Arteriosclerosis

Front 10

What major risk factors of heart desease are nonreversible?

Back 10

Age
Sex
Family Hx

Front 11

What increases the risk of peripheral artery Dz, CAD, Cerebrovascular Dz, and graft occlusion after reconstructive arterial surgery?

Back 11

Smoking

Front 12

What is the difference between MI Sx and Angina Sx in regards to time?

Back 12

MI: 5-15min
Angina: <5min

Front 13

Where do Emboli tend to lodge themselves?

Back 13

At the bifurcation of major arteries

Front 14

What generally occurs in an artery in which the lumen has narrowed due to arteriosclerotic changes in the arterial wall?

Back 14

Acute Arterial Thrombosis

Front 15

Acute Arterial Thrombosis is occasionally precipitated by a rupture of what?

Back 15

Arteriosclerotic plaque blocking the lumen

Front 16

What are the major types of shock?

Back 16

Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic
Anaphylactic
Septic

Front 17

What is angina pectoris that is usually secondary to large vessel spasm and is characterized by discomfort at rest and by ST segment elevation during the attack?

Back 17

Prinzmental's Angina
(Variant Angina)

Front 18

What results from disorders of the venous system, such as deep vein thrombophlebitis, trauma, and occlusion?

Back 18

Secondary Varicose Veins

Front 19

How are moderate varicose veins treated?

Back 19

Antiembolism stockings or elastic bandages

Front 20

Pain may be described as "sticking" in nature and worsens with deep breathing, coughing, or twisting of the upper body.

Back 20

Pericarditis

Front 21

What is the treatment for Pericarditis?

Back 21

Analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs

Front 22

What controls the flow of freshly oxygenated blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle?

Back 22

Mitral Valve

Front 23

What controls the flow and direction of blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle?

Back 23

Tricuspid valve

Front 24

Individuals with this Dz are at risk for heart failure and for atrial fibrillation which in turn increases the risk of blood clot formation.

Back 24

Tricuspid Valve Dz

Front 25

This may be described as a "Stabbing or Burning" and is often quite variable in position and intensity from one episode to another.

Back 25

Atypical Chest Px

Front 26

What is the disposition for a Pt with atypical chest px?

Back 26

MEDEVAC due to lack of diagnostic capability

Front 27

What is chest px caused by myocardial ischemia?

Back 27

Acute Angina

Front 28

What is a condition in which the amount of oxygen the heart muscle requires exceeds the amount it receives?

Back 28

Myocardial Ischemia

Front 29

What medication is used in treating an episode of acute angina?

Back 29

Nitroglycerine

Front 30

What is px on dorsiflexion of the foot?

Back 30

Homman's Sign

Front 31

A positive Homman's sign is considered an unreliable sign for what?

Back 31

Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis

Front 32

This results from pericardial effusions and characterized by elevated interpericardial pressure (>15mm Hg)

Back 32

Pericardial Tamponade

Front 33

What medications are used to treat Pericardial Tamponade?

Back 33

Analgesics (Aspirin, Codene, Meperdine, or Morphine)

Front 34

This cardiac Dz causes swelling in the ankles.

Back 34

Congestive Heart Failure

Front 35

Severe pain in calf muscles that occurs during walking but subsides at rest due to inadequate blood supply.

Back 35

Intermittent Claudication

Front 36

This is a tear in the aortic intima through which blood surges into the aortic wall, stripping the media from the adventitia.

Back 36

Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm

Front 37

This is an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart muscle and more commonly the heart valves usually caused by bacteria.

Back 37

Infective Endocarditis

Front 38

What is the most common form of HTN (90-95% of cases)

Back 38

Essential Hypertention
(Primary or Idiopathic)

Front 39

Hypertensive emergencies require immediate reduction of BP within what amount of time to avoid the risk of serious morbidity or death?

Back 39

One Hour

Front 40

What drug is used to treat Hypertensive Emergencies?

Back 40

Diazoxide I.V. with Furosemide I.V.

Front 41

This is defined as the shock state resulting from a relative or absolute reduction in cardiac output due to factors other than inadequate intravascular volume.

Back 41

Cardiogenic Shock

Front 42

Shock associated with inadequate intravascular volume which produces diminished ventricular filling and reduced stroke volume.

Back 42

Hypovolemic Shock

Front 43

What suggests hemoconcentration due to loss of body fluids other than blood in hypovolemic shock?

Back 43

A rising Hct and Hb

Front 44

What is a shock in which there is a marked decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and consequent hypotention?

Back 44

Distributive Shock

Front 45

What should you give a Pt on first suspicion of anaphylactic shock?

Back 45

Epinephrine 1:1000

Front 46

The SS caused by significant hypotention and inadequate blood & oxygen flow to organs as the result of serious systemic infection.

Back 46

Septic Shock

Front 47

What is the more frequent cause of cardiac contusion outside of the ER setting?

Back 47

Blunt Trauma

Front 48

What drug is a potent vagolytic belladonna alkaloid and is used to accelerate the heart rate?

Back 48

Atropine

Front 49

What is a calcium channel blocking agent indicated for treatment of spontaneous coronary artery spasm presenting as Prinzmetal's Variant Angina?

Back 49

Verapamil

Front 50

What is indicated for correction of hemodynamic imbalances in shock syndrome due to MI, trauma, etc.

Back 50

Dopamine

Front 51

What is highly effective in the treatment of atrial fibrillation?

Back 51

Digoxin

Front 52

What is a Beta-adrenergic blocking agent used alone as a "Step 1" agent or in combination with other drugs?

Back 52

Propanalol

Front 53

What is a Class Ib antiarrhythmic agent given I.V. for acute management of ventricular arrhythmias that can complicate MI? (VEB's, VT)

Back 53

Lidocaine

Front 54

What is a narcotic analgesic indicated for relief of moderate to severe acute and chronic px?

Back 54

Morphine

Front 55

What is used for management of anxiety disorders or for the short term relief of the sx of anxiety?

Back 55

Valium

Front 56

What drugs can be given via ETT?

Back 56

Epinephrine
Atropine
Lidocaine