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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the main classes of fungi that infect humans? |
yeasts and filamentous fungi |
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What are examples of yeasts? |
candida spp., crytococcus neoformans, pityriasis versicolor, systemic yeasts such as histoplasma capsulatum |
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What are examples of filamentous fungi? |
aspergillus spp., dermtophytes such as epidermophyton |
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What might cause farmers lung? |
aspergillus spp. |
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What is aspergilloma? |
A TB lesion that is infected by aspergillus spp. |
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What is bronchopulmonary aspergillosis? |
inflammation of the bronchi by the fungus |
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What are tri azole drugs? |
fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole |
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Which drug would be used to treat fungal meningitis? |
fluconazole |
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Which drug might be used to treat dermatophytes? |
itraconazole |
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What are the contraindications for fluconazole? |
acute porphyria |
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What is the mechanism of fluconazole? |
inhibits cytochrome P450 dependant enzyme lanosterol 14- alpha demythlase. This would usually convert lanosterol to ergosterol |
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What is the main caution for flucytosine? |
it is teratogenic |
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What are examples of polyenes? |
amphotericin and nystatin |
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What is the main caution for polyenes?
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they are toxic when given IV and not well absorbed orally so lipid formulations should be used |
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What is the mode of action of polyenes? |
polyenes antimycotics bind to sterols in fungal wall causing wall to be leaky |
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What are examples are echinocandins? |
anidulafungins, caspfungins and micafungins |
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What is the action of echinocandins?
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inhibit beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase |
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What are echinocandins active against? |
aspergillus spp and candida spp |
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Which echinocandin would be used for apergillosis? |
caspofungin |
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What is terbinafine used to treat?
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dermatophyte infections and ringworm infections |
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What is the mechanism of terbinafine? |
inhibits the ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting sqaulene epoxidase |
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What is the use of griseofulvin? |
treatment of skin, scalp, hair and nail infections where topical therapy has failed or in inappropriate |
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What is the treatment for invasive candidiasis? |
echinocandins or fluconazole for candida albicans infection. When echinocandins cannot be used, amphotericin may be used. |
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What is the local treatment of superficial candidiasis? |
miconazole |
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what would be used to treat oropharyngeal candidiasis? |
nystatin mouthwashes |
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What is the treatment of choice for aspergillosis? |
voriconazole. liposomal amphotericin is an alternative |
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What is the treatment of choice for cryptococcal meningitis? |
amphotericin by IV with flucytosine for 2 weeks . followed by fluconazole orally for 8 weeks |
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What accounts for the majority global burden of crytococcal meningitis?
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HIV associated CM |
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What is the current gold standard therapy for CM? |
amphotericin B plus flucytosine |
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What is used for systemic fungal infections such as histoplasmosis? |
parenteral itraconazole used for immunocompetent patients |
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What is used for patients with fulminant or severe systemic fungal infections? |
amphotericin |
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What are examples of systemic mycoses? |
coccidiodes and paracoccidiodes |
