Md2 Block3 L33 Biochem Hormones - Reproductive Axis Part B

Front 1

The ___ ___ ___ axis controls the required physiologic changes that occur both in the ovaries and in the uterus of the menstrual cycle.

Back 1

hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad

Front 2

Menstrual Cycle
Duration =

Starts with the removal of the ____ & release of ___ by the anterior pituitary

Back 2

28 days (ranges 24 – 35 days)

endometrium

FSH

Front 3

The ovarian cycle
Development of =
Production of =
Release of ___during ovulation

Back 3

ovarian follicle

hormones

ovum

Front 4

The uterine cycle
Removal of _______ from prior uterine cycle

Preparation for implantation of embryo under the influence of =

Back 4

endometrium

ovarian hormones

Front 5

Negative feedback effects of estrogen and progesterone in decreasing both LH and FSH secretion:

Estrogen in small amounts has strong effect to inhibit the production of ___ & ___

This inhibitory effect of estrogen is increased when ______ is available.

Back 5

LH & FSH.

progesterone

This inhibitory effects more on the __directly & to lesser extent on the ______- to inhibit the secretion of ____.

Hint 5

AP hypothalamus

hypothalamus

GnRH

Front 6

Hormone inhibin from the corpus luteum inhibits __ & ___ secretion:
The hormone inhibin secreted by the ___ of the ovarian corpus luteum inhibit the secretion of

Back 6

FSH & LH

granulosa cells

FSH & to lesser extent LH.

Front 7

Positive feedback effect of estrogen before ovulation =

AP secretes increased amount of ____ ____ ____ before ovulation.

Back 7

the pre-ovulatory LH surge:

LH for 1 to 2 days

FSH surge is much smaller in the ____ ____ than LH surge.

Hint 7

pre-ovulatory

Front 8

The possible causes of LH secretion could be:

Back 8

estrogen positive feedback stimulating
LH
FSH (to a lesser extent)

Granulosa cells of the ____ begin to secrete small increasing amount of ______ about 1 day before ovulation which stimulate ____ secretion

Hint 8

follicle

progesterone

LH

Front 9

Back 9

3 Phases of the Ovarian Cycle

Hint 9

Follicular phase
Ovulation phase
Luteal phase

Front 10

3 Phases of the Uterine Cycle

Back 10

Menses
Proliferative Phase
Secretory Phase

Hint 10

Front 11

Fertilization Effects
What happens if fertilization occurs?
Uterine endometrium is maintained by =

Back 11

the release of progesterone

from the ___ ___

then the release of ___ which maintains the ___ ___ until the 7th week,

Hint 11

corpus lutem

hCG
(human chorionic gonadotropin)

corpus luteum

Front 12

Fertilization Effects

From 7th week on, the placenta produces ___

Back 12

progesterone

which continues to maintain the _____ & the __ ___ degenerates

Hint 12

endometrium
corpus luteum

Front 13

Placenta also produces estrogen and progesterone which at high levels blocks ____
________ is also involved in breast development

Back 13

GnRH

Estrogen

________ is also involved in uterine maintenance and relaxation (prevents ___ ___ )

Hint 13

Progesterone

premature contractions

Front 14

Placenta also produces ___
Implicated in breast development and milk production

It has been determined not the only factor involved,
as lack of hPL has no ill effects.

Back 14

hPL
(human Placental Lactogen)

More important is the role hPL plays in ___ ___ by altering maternal glucose and fatty acid metabolism

Hint 14

fetal nutrition

Front 15

What changes occur to allow parturition.

Increasing levels of ___ hormone from the placenta a few ___ prior to delivery

Back 15

corticotropin-releasing
(CRH)

weeks

Front 16

Early deliveries have been linked to early elevated levels of ___

Back 16

CRH