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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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.Adrenal cortex
Secretes _____ -based steroid hormones, called “________ |
lipid
corticosteroids. MINERALOCORTICOIDS _______ is the main one GLUCOCORTICOIDS ___________ |
Aldosterone
Cortisol (hydrocortisone) is the main one |
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.Adrenal medulla
Secretes |
. epinephrine and norepinephrine
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.Steroid hormone synthesis
pregnenolone oxidized and isomerized to progesterone by = |
3-ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
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.Cortisol, the most important glucocorticoid
Helps the body deal with = |
.stressful situations within minutes
Physical: trauma, surgery, exercise Psychological: anxiety, depression, crowding Physiological: fasting, hypoglycemia, fever, infection Regulates or supports a variety of important cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic, and homeostatic functions including water balance |
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.People with
adrenal insufficiency: these stresses can cause = 3ct |
.hypotension,
shock death: must give glucocorticoids, e.g. for surgery or if have infection, etc. |
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.Effect of (+) cortisol on protein metabolism:
Reduction of = |
protein storage in all cells
except those of liver – ↑or ↓ protein catabolism = & ↑or ↓ protein synthesis = . |
↑ protein catabolism
↓ protein synthesis |
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.Effect of cortisol on protein metabolism
Reduction of protein storage in all cells except those of liver – ↑ protein catabolism & ↓ protein synthesis Cortisol increases liver & plasma proteins Mobilizes amino acids from non hepatic cells, thus increase blood amino acid level. ↑ amino acid transport to liver cells & ↓ transport of amino acids into other cells |
.Keeps blood glucose levels high enough to support brain’s activity
Forces other body cells to switch to fats and amino acids as energy sources Catabolic: break down protein Redirects circulating lymphocytes to lymphoid and peripheral tissues where pathogens usually are In large quantities, depresses immune and inflammatory response Used therapeutically Responsible for some of its side effects |
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.Hormonal stimulation of glucocorticoids HPA axis (hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal axis)
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.With stress, hypothalamus sends ___to anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
Pituitary secretes ___ & goes to ___ ___ |
CRH
ACTH adrenal cortex where it stimulates ___ secretion Sympathetic nervous system can also stimulate it Adrenal cortex also secretes ___ Converted in peripheral tissues to testosterone and estrogen (also steroid hormones) Unclear function in relation to stress |
glucocorticoid
DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) |
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.Part of autonomic nervous system
Spherical chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla (and some neurons) Secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine. Amine hormones Fight, flight, fright Vesicles store the hormones |
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.Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla
Produceswhat class hormones = |
(catecholamines).
which produces two similar Hormones = |
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine These hormones prepare the body to deal with short-term stress Take less than 30 seconds to kick in and last several minutes |
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.Addison’s disease
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. – low aldosterone & cortisol
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low aldosterone & cortisol
what Dz = |
.Addison’s disease
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.. Cushing’s syndrome
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hypersecretion of
cortisol androgens aldosterone |
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Addison’s disease
- hyposecretion of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex characterized by |
bronzing of the skin
- Usually involves cortisol and aldosterone: low blood glucose and sodium, severe dehydration, fatigue, loss of appetetie, abdominal pain |
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Cushing syndrome
____secretion of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex characterized by weight gain in the ____ of the body but not in the = |
hyper
trunk arms and legs |
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Cushing’s syndrome
Symptom |
-Upper body obesity with
- thin arms and legs -Buffalo hump -Red, round face -High blood sugar -High blood pressure -Acne -Blurry vision -Poor wound healing |
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