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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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neurotransmitters are synthesized from Tyrosine
3ct |
Dopamine (DA),
norepinephrine (NE, noradrenaline) epinephrine (E, adrenaline) |
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Dopamine (DA),
norepinephrine (NE, noradrenaline) epinephrine (E, adrenaline) synthesized from |
Tyrosine
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involved in reward-pleasure and learning and is the principle neurotransmitter involved in addiction pathway
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Dopamine (DA),
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Indolamines
3ct |
Serotonin =
Melatonin = Histamine = |
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Serotonin =
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(5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT); is the principal member of this group of compounds. .
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Melatonin =
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restricted to the pineal and is released into the blood stream in a manner that is regulated by the diurnal cycle.
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Histamine =
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neurotransmitter in the CNS
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Key structures in the reward system are the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the nucleus accumbens and the circuit of nerve cells linking these two areas of the brain. Drugs of abuse cause a marked increase in the level of the dopamine in the VTA.
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Forcing neurons to release more DA:
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can kill neurons
More DA changes in the postsynaptic nerve cells Those changes alter the way the brain responds to drugs, as well as food and experiences that would normally activate the reward center: tolerance (the need to take a higher dose to get a "high"--and withdrawal symptoms Reducing the number of DA receptors. |
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DA Receptors in the CNS
D1 family (D1, D5) location = |
Caudate -putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercles, hippocampus, hypothalamus
Synaptic Action = Signaling Mechanism = |
Increased excitability
Increased cAMP |
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D2 family (D2, D3, D4)
location = |
Caudate -putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercles, frontal cortex, diencephalon, brain stem
Synaptic Action = Signaling Mechanism = |
Decreased excitability
Decreased cAMP |
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Schizophrenia
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overactivity of the mesolimbic DA system
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A syndrome of symptoms which manifest as a severe psychotic illness
Positive symptoms Hallucinations Delusions Schizophrenic thought disorder Negative symptoms Anhedonia Blunted affect Poverty of thought (alogia) Dopamine hypothesis |
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Parkinson’s Disease
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decreased DA
in the 2ct |
substantia nigra
striatum Results from loss of dopamine producing cells of substantia nigra |
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Parkinson’s Disease
Clinical features = 4ct |
(TRAP):
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Tremor
Rigidity Akinesia (or bradykinesia) Postural instability |
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Clinical features (TRAP):
Tremor Rigidity Akinesia (or bradykinesia) Postural instability Dz? = |
Parkinson’s Disease
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- attention and arousal
- regulation of vigilance ANS . what N.T. = |
Norepinephrine
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Norepinephrine
Role: in brain = |
- attention and arousal
- regulation of vigilance ANS . |
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.
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Seritonin creatition
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Tryptophan ------>
....Tryptophan hydroxylase ------------> 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) ....5-HTP decarboxylase |
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine)
the level of tryptophan available for serotonin biosynthesis is dependent on diet. |
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Tryptophan ------>
5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) -------> |
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine
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