Md1 Histology Block 3 Digestive System 5 Part

Front 1

A hepatocyte has two cellular domains:

Back 1

basolateral domain
apical domain

Front 2

hepatocyte

The basolateral domain contains abundant microvilli and faces the _____ _____ ______.

Back 2

space of Disse.

Front 3

hepatocyte

Excess fluid in the space of Disse is collected in the space of

Back 3

Mall

Front 4

The basolateral domain participates in the absorption of blood-borne substances and in the secretion of plasma proteins such as =

Back 4

albumin
fibrinogen
in
prothrombin
coagulation factors
V
VII
IX

Front 5

Organelles in Hepatocytes:

Back 5

RER rough endoplasmic reticulum
SER smooth endoplasmic reticulum,

Front 6

The apical domain borders the ______ ______
a trenchlike depression lined by _________ and sealed at the sides by occluding junctions to prevent leakage of bile, the exocrine product of the hepatocyte

Back 6

bile canaliculus,

microvilli

What is the exocrine product of a hepatocyte =

Hint 6

Bile

Front 7

Hepatocytes

SER Enzymes
are involved in the following functions: 6ct

Back 7

the synthesis of cholesterol and bile salts

the glucuronide conjugation of bilirubin, steroids, and drugs

-the breakdown of glycogen into glucose

-esterification of free fatty acids to triglycerides

-removal of iodine from the thyroid hormones:
triiodothyronine (T3)
thyroxine (T4)

-detoxification of lipid-soluble drugs ie: phenobarbital,
during which the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is significantly developed.

Front 8

Hepatocytes

contributes to glycosylation of secretory proteins and the sorting of lysosomal enzymes.
Is what cell componant =

Back 8

Golgi apparatus

Front 9

Hepatocytes

Lysosomes in hepatocytes store =

Back 9

iron

Front 10

Hepatocytes
have 3 cell participants =

Back 10

Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes

Front 11

Sinusoids

Receive blood from the

Back 11

portal areas (artery and vein)

release it into the =

Hint 11

central vein

Front 12

Sinusoids

Kupffer cells
are what type =

Back 12

Macrophages

Front 13

Sinusoids
Cells in the lining

Back 13

Endothelial cells
Kupffer cells
Perisinusoidal cells of Ito

Front 14

Sinusoids
Endothelial cells

Back 14

Sieve between =
Endocytosis=
Very vulnerable to =

Hint 14

-sinusoidal lumen and space of Disse

-both specific
transferrin
ceruloplasmin transcobalamine II
glycosaminoglycans
HDL
LDL
procollagen
nonspecific components.

ischaemia

Front 15

Sinusoids
Ito cells store =

Back 15

Vitamin A

Front 16

Kupffer cells

Back 16

Highly mobile macrophages attached to the endothelium

Front 17

Kupffer cells
Phagocyte large particles =

Back 17

old cells
foreign particles
tumor cells
bacteria
yeast
viruses
parasites

Front 18

Kupffer cells
Specific membrane receptors for

Back 18

Fc
C3b
Antigen-presenting cell (APC)

Front 19

***
The deposit of collagen and extracellular matrix components increases, leading to a progressive

Back 19

fibrosis of the liver
cirrhosis

Front 20

Clinical significance:
Alcoholism and fatty liver = aka

Back 20

alcoholic steatohepatitis

Front 21

ethanol is transported to the liver, where it is metabolized to =
2ct

Back 21

acetaldehyde
acetate

Front 22

Long-term consumption of ethanol results in =

Back 22

fatty liver = aka
hepatocellular carcinoma

Hint 22

steatohepatitis
hepatocellular carcinoma

Front 23

(fatty liver accompanied by an inflammatory reaction), cirrhosis (collagen proliferation or fibrosis)

Back 23

hepatocellular carcinoma

Front 24

The production of _____ is one of the initial events in liver injury. TNF-α, regarded as a proinflammatory cytokine, promote the production of type
I collagen fibers by perisinusoidal cells of Ito (a process known as _____________
as a healing response.

Back 24

TNF-a

fibrogenesis

Front 25

increased iron absorption and accumulation in lysosomal hepatocytes

Back 25

Hereditary hemochromatosis

Front 26

Hereditary hemochromatosis

Back 26

increased iron absorption and accumulation in lysosomal hepatocytes

Front 27

Wilson's disease

Back 27

hepatolenticular degeneration
hereditary disorder of copper metabolism

Front 28

hepatolenticular degeneration
hereditary disorder of copper metabolism
copper deposit

Back 28

Wilson's disease

Front 29

Hyperbilirubinemia is =

Back 29

increase in the concentration of bilirubin in the blood (more than 0.1 mg/mL).

Front 30

increase in the concentration of bilirubin in the blood (more than 0.1 mg/mL).
called =

Back 30

Hyperbilirubinemia

Front 31

Hyperbilirubinemia
wall of the gallbladder consists of:

Back 31

Mucous membrane
deep folds
simple columnar epithelium
microvilli

Front 32

Gall bladder
Tubuloacinar mucous glands near the cystic duct are responsible for

Back 32

production

Front 33

Deep invaginations of the surface epithelium (Rokitanski-Aschoff sinuses)

info

Back 33

Adventitia and serosa layers

Front 34

Contraction of the smooth muscle of the gallbladder is induced by =

Back 34

cholecystokinin

hormone produced by =

Hint 34

enteroendocrine

Front 35

Release of cholecystokinin is, in turn, stimulated by the presence of ______ _____ in the small intestine.

Back 35

dietary fats

Front 36

Gallstones aka

Back 36

cholelithiasis


concretion of normal and abnormal bile constituents

Front 37

Tumors of Liver:

Most malignant tumors of the liver derive from = 2ct

Back 37

hepatic parenchyma
or epithelial cells

Front 38

Tumors of Liver:

The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma =

Back 38

chronic viral hepatitis B

chronic viral hepatitis C

cirrhosis

Front 39

Gall stones
frequently caused by excessive cholesterol in relation to phospholipids and bile acids or gallbladder hypomotility.

Back 39

.

Front 40

acetaldehyde
acetate
Come from what =

Back 40

Alcohol
ETOH

Front 41

Interior wall of Gall bladder is what kind of epithelium =

Back 41

simple columnar epithelium

Front 42

Gall bladder
What kind of duct are near the cystic duct are responsible for production = ____ _____ _____

Back 42

Tubuloacinar mucous glands

Front 43

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are =

Back 43

-outpouchings of gallbladder
-mucosa into the
gallbladder muscle layer and subserosal tissue.

They are not of themselves considered abnormal, but they can be associated with cholecystitis.

Hint 43

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are the result of hyperplasia and herniation of epithelial cells through the fibromuscular layer of the gallbladder wall and are usually referred to as adenomyomatosis.

Front 44

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses aka =

Back 44

-entrapped epithelial crypts
-adenomyomatosis.

Front 45

-entrapped epithelial crypts
-adenomyomatosis.
aka =

Back 45

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses

what is it =

Hint 45

-outpouchings of gallbladder
-mucosa into the
gallbladder muscle layer and subserosal tissue.

They are not of themselves considered abnormal, but they can be associated with cholecystitis.