Md1 Embryology Block 3 Digestive Track

Front 1

primitive gut tube is formed during

Back 1

4th week

Front 2

primitive gut tube is formed from incorporation of the dorsal part of the

Back 2

yolk sac

into the embryo as a result of the =

Hint 2

craniocaudal and lateral folding of the embryo

Front 3

The primitive gut tube extends from the

Back 3

oropharyngeal membrane to the cloacal membrane
and is
divided into the foregut, midgut, and hindgut.

Front 4

***
Know it all
fore
mid
hind

Back 4

Early in development, the epithelial lining of the gut tube proliferates rapidly and obliterates the lumen. Later, recanalization occurs.

Front 5

Early in development, the epithelial lining of the gut tube proliferates rapidly and obliterates the lumen. Later

Back 5

recanalization occurs.

Front 6

Mucosa Epithelial Lining of glands Derived from =

Back 6

Endoderm

Front 7

Mesoderm Derives what =
5ct

Back 7

..

Front 8

Oropharyngeal membrane / stomodeum

6.Cloacal membrane / proctodeum

Come from

Back 8

Ectoderm (an Exception)

Front 9

FOREGUT gives rise to:****

Back 9

pharynx
lower respiratory system
esophagus and stomach
duodenum (proximal
liver *
pancreas *
biliary apparatus *

Front 10

Esophagus develops from the ________ immediately caudal to the pharynx .

Back 10

foregut

+

Hint 10

The foregut is divided into the esophagus dorsally and the trachea ventrally by the tracheoesophageal folds, which fuse to form the tracheoesophageal septum.

Front 11

diverticulum becomes separated from the primitive pharynx by trachoesophageal folds which fuse to form the

Back 11

trachoesophageal septum,
dividing the foregut into laryngotracheal tube
esophagus

Front 12

stratified squamous epithelium
mucosal glands
submucosal glands
of
esophagus
are derived from

Back 12

endoderm

Front 13

lamina propria
muscularis mucosae
submucosa
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle of muscularis externa
adventitia of the esophagus
derived from visceral

Back 13

mesoderm

Front 14

Esophageal atresia :
occurs when the

Back 14

tracheoesophageal septum deviates too far dorsally
causing the esophagus to end as a closed tube.

+

Hint 14

The esophagus is divided into two pouch blind, an upper and lower, which may or may not communicate with the tracheobronchial tree.

Front 15

About 33% of patients with esophageal atresia have other congenital defects associated with the

Back 15

VATER
VACTERL

Hint 15

VATER (vertebral defects, anal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, and renal defects) or

VACTERL (similar to VATER but includes cardiovascular defects and upper limb defects) syndromes.

Front 16

Esophageal atresia is associated clinically with =

Back 16

tracheoesophageal fistula.

Front 17

esophageal atresia S/S:

Back 17

unable to swallow its own saliva
gastric distention
cough, apnea/SOB
tachypnea
cyanosis

Front 18

#1 Incomplete Recanalization

#2 Myo Extra Hypertrophy

#3 Membronous Diapragm

Back 18

Reasons for Esophogeal Atresia

Front 19

esophageal atresia
Diagnosis

Back 19

This condition is visible, after about
___ weeks

T/F
a feeding tube will not pass through the esophagus.

Hint 19

26 weeks

True

Front 20

esophageal atresia
Complications

Back 20

-aspiration pneumonia

-fistula between the lower esophagus and trachea

Front 21

If associated with TEF---Abdominal distention after crying
.Reflux of gastric contents into lungs, causing pneumonitis.
Diagnostic feature is =

Back 21

Diagnostic features include inability to pass a catheter into the infant's stomach

Front 22

Esophageal stenosis :
occurs when the =

Back 22

lumen of the esophagus is narrowed and usually involves the midesophagus.

Front 23

Esophageal stenosis
stenosis may be caused by

Back 23

-submucosal/muscularis externa hypertrophy,

-emnants of the tracheal cartilaginous ring within the wall of the esophagu

-#1 Cause
incomplete recanalization...
(membranous diaphragm obstructing the lumen )

Front 24

Esophageal diverticulum:

Back 24

a pouch that protrudes outward in a weak portion of the esophageal lining.

Front 25

Esophageal diverticulum:

Esophageal diverticula are classified by their location within the esophagus:

Back 25

Zenker’s
Midthoracic
Epiphrenic

Front 26

Esophageal diverticulum:
Zenker’s diverticula

Back 26

most common
located in the back of the throat
above the esophagus

Front 27

Esophageal diverticulum:

Midthoracic diverticula

Back 27

mid-chest

Front 28

Esophageal diverticulum:

Epiphrenic diverticula

Back 28

above the diaphragm

Front 29

. Esophageal hiatal hernia :

Back 29

herniation
into the pleural cavity caused by an abnormally large esophageal hiatus.

Front 30

An esophageal hiatal hernia renders the esophagogastric sphincter =

Back 30

incompetent

Front 31

►Omentum : fold of peritoneum extending from the

Back 31

stomach to adjacent abdominal organs.

Front 32

EnteroEndocrine Hormones
are from Endoderm

the exception is = 2ct

Back 32

Enterochromaffin Cells

Enterochromaffin Like Cells (ELC)

Which come from ___________ Cells
Derived from ___ =

Hint 32

Ectoderm (NCC)

Front 33

The primitive gut tube extends from the

Back 33

oropharyngeal mem =
3ctbrane to the cloacal membrane

Hint 33

foregut
, midgut,
hindgut.

Front 34

Embryologically, the epithelial lining and glands of the mucosa are derived from

Back 34

endoderm


whereas the other components are derived from -

Hint 34

visceral mesoderm.

Front 35

____________ an invagination of the surface ectoderm of the embryo, at the point where later the mouth is formed.

Back 35

Stomodeum

Front 36

: is the back ectodermal part of an alimentary canal.

It is created during embryogenesis by a folding of the outer body wall

Back 36

Proctodeum

Front 37

the trachoesophageal septum, dividing the foregut into =

Back 37

laryngotracheal tube
esophagus

Front 38

The stratified squamous epithelium, mucosal glands, and submucosal glands of the esophagus are derived from

Back 38

endoderm

Front 39

The lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, skeletal muscle and smooth muscle of muscularis externa, and adventitia of the esophagus are derived from visceral

Back 39

mesoderm

Front 40

Name the structures comes from the Primordial
Forgut
Midgut
Hind gut

Back 40

Forgut
esophagus
stomach
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
upper duodenum


Midgut
lower duodenum
jejunum
Ilium
Secom
appendix
ascending:
proximal 2\3 transverse colon
Hind gut
Distal1/3 transverse colon
Descending
Sigmoid
Rectum
upper anal canal

Front 41

Name the structures comes from the Primordial Hindgut

5

Back 41

Distal1/3 transverse colon
Descending
Sigmoid
Rectum
upper anal canal

Front 42

Name the structures comes from the Primordial Midgut
7

Back 42

lower duodenum
jejunum
Ilium
Cecum
appendix
ascending:
proximal 2\3 transverse colon

Front 43

Name the structures comes from the Primordial Forgut
6

Back 43

esophagus
stomach
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
upper duodenum