Mcphs Cryptorchidism And Erectile Dysfunction

Front 1

What is cryptorchidism?

Back 1

undescended or maldescended testis

Front 2

What are the risk factors of cryptorchidism?

Back 2

prematurity, low birth weight, small gestational size, twinning, maternal exposure to estrogen during 1st trimester, family history

Front 3

What system must be intact for normal descent of the testicles?

Back 3

normal hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

Front 4

What hormones facilitates descent of the testicles?

Back 4

testosterone and dihydrotestosterone

Front 5

What are the mechanical causes of cryptorchidism?

Back 5

gubernaculum not firmly attached to scrotum and the testis don’t descend, also associated w/ short spermatic artery, poor blood supply

Front 6

What are the 3 types of palpable undescended testicles?

Back 6

true undescended, ectopic, and retractile

Front 7

Where are the majority of true undescended testicles?

Back 7

inguinal canal

Front 8

What type of palpable cryptorchidism correctly exit the external inguinal ring but are then misdirected from the normal descent?

Back 8

ectopic

Front 9

Which type of palpable cryptorchidism is mostly inguinal location, due to an active cremasteric reflex, and must be monitored regularly as risk of ascent approaches 50%?

Back 9

retractile

Front 10

What are the 3 types of nonpalpable cryptorchidisms?

Back 10

intra-abdominal, congenital anorchia, vanishing testes

Front 11

Which type of cryptorchidism is usually w/in a few cm of the inguinal ring?

Back 11

intra-abdominal

Front 12

Which type of cryptorchidism is absence of one or both testes?

Back 12

congenital anorchia

Front 13

Which type of cryptoorchidism is thought to be due to intrauterine or perinatal vascular event?

Back 13

vanishing testes

Front 14

How are unilateral undescended testis w/out hypospadias diagnosed?

Back 14

physical exam

Front 15

What extra test are required for undescended testes w/ hypospadias or bilateral nonpalpable testes?

Back 15

testosterone, 17-hydroxylase progesterone, LH, FSH, HCG injection test, and diagnostic laparoscopy to locate nonpalpable testicle

Front 16

At what age is the recommended treatment of cryptorchidism?

Back 16

6 months

Front 17

What is the medical tx for cryptorchidism?

Back 17

HCG injections

Front 18

What do HCG injections do?

Back 18

stimulate leydig cells to produce androgens

Front 19

What are adverse effects of HCG injections?

Back 19

secondary sex characteristics

Front 20

What is the surgical tx for cryptorchidism?

Back 20

orchiopexy between 6 to 12 months

Front 21

Orchiopexy must be considered for what types of cryptorchidism?

Back 21

abdominally located & for atrophic testicles

Front 22

Cryptorchidism mostly causes what type of testicular cancer?

Back 22

seminoma

Front 23

What is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse?

Back 23

erectile dysfunction or formally known as impotence

Front 24

What are the risk factors for erectile dysfunction?

Back 24

HTN, vascular disease, smoking, diabetes, drugs, hormone disorders, spinal cord or brain injuries, pelvic trauma, venous leak, peyronie’s disease, psych disorders

Front 25

What accounts for 50 to 60% of impotence in men over 60?

Back 25

arteriosclerosis (vascular disease)

Front 26

What drugs cause erectile dysfunction?

Back 26

sympathetic blockers, thiazide diuretics, antidepressants, ketoconazole, cimetidine, alcohol, tobacco, recreational drugs

Front 27

What hormone disorders cause erectile dysfunction?

Back 27

testosterone deficiency, excess prolactin, hypothyroidism

Front 28

What condition is an inflammatory disease causing scarring of erectile tissue, produces curvature of the penis interfering w/ sexual function and causing a painful erection?

Back 28

peyronie’s disease

Front 29

What psychological conditions cause erectile dysfunction?

Back 29

anxiety, psychogenic impotence, performance anxiety, depression, and interpersonal conflicts w/ partner

Front 30

What should be examined for erectile dysfunction?

Back 30

peripheral vascular exam, lower extremity musculoskeletal , neurological, genitalia, prostate, breast, and visual fields

Front 31

What test involves injecting prostaglandins that will induce erections in men w/ intact vasculature, and after penile pressure is measured and images taken after injections?

Back 31

vasoactive injection

Front 32

What test evaluates blood flow, venous leak, signs of arteriosclerosis, measures penile pressure?

Back 32

duplex ultrasound

Front 33

What test documents erections during sleep?

Back 33

nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT)

Front 34

Intact erections during sleep is suggestive of what cause of erectile dysfunction?

Back 34

psychogenic cause

Front 35

Absence of nocturnal erections may indicate what types of erectile dysfunction?

Back 35

impaired nerve function or blood supply

Front 36

What test involves electromagnetic vibrations evaluating sensitivity and nerve function?

Back 36

penile biothesiometry

Front 37

What's a contrast study that assesses for both arterial insufficiency and venous leakage in erectile dysfunction?

Back 37

cavernosography

Front 38

What type of drugs are used to tx erectile dysfunction?

Back 38

selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors

Front 39

What are 3 selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors?

Back 39

sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil

Front 40

What is the MOA of selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors?

Back 40

increase levels of guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which are smooth muscle relaxers

Front 41

When are selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors contraindicated?

Back 41

w/ nitrates which cause exaggerated cardiac preload reduction & hypotension

Front 42

What is used as a self injection into the penis for erectile dysfunction?

Back 42

prostaglandin

Front 43

What are the effects of prostaglandin injections?

Back 43

vascular dilation and relaxation of smooth muscle, repeated injections may cause penile scarring, priapism

Front 44

What are prostaglandin pellets inserted into the urethra used to tx erectile dysfunction?

Back 44

intraurethral suppositories

Front 45

What is used to create a manual creation of an erection and works best in men who achieve partial erections?

Back 45

vacuum devices

Front 46

What is a surgical insertion of malleable or inflatable rods or tubes into the penis?

Back 46

penile implants

Front 47

What is used to tx androgen deficiency in erectile dysfunction?

Back 47

testosterone injections or patches