Mcdb 1A

Front 1

Shine-Dalgarno sequence

Back 1

Bacterial mRNA binding of rRNA

Front 2

NTP's

Back 2

RNA polymerization

Front 3

signal sequence

Back 3

protien targeting/trafficking

Front 4

deoxy NTP's

Back 4

DNA polymerization

Front 5

vulnerable nucleotides

Back 5

-prone to higher chance of mutation
-modification in nucleotide results in normal nucleotide
-50% leads to mutation
-since the bp's on both strands have normal nucleotides DNA repair mechanisms fail to identify original pair

Front 6

nucleic acid synthesis

Back 6

new nucleotide added on 3' end of growing chain

Front 7

Von Gierkies

Back 7

defective glucose-6-phosphate

Front 8

Electron transport chain

Back 8

-electrons received from NADH and FADH2
-electrons passed from donor to recipient carrier molecules in a series of oxidation-reduction reactions

Front 9

translating using mRNA as a template, ribosome reads mRNA template ___

Back 9

5' to 3' and N-terminus to C-terminus

Front 10

oxidation phosphorylation

Back 10

--mitochondria membranes are impermeable to protons therfore a gradient of protons built up across the inner membrane, this gradient difference drives synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase
-oxygen must be present to be the electron acceptor at then end of the respiratory chain to enable this process

Front 11

function performed by proteins

Back 11

hormones such as insulin

Front 12

DNA replication

Back 12

-polymerase 5 to 3
-enhanced by protein clamp
-DNA replication would pick a random nucleotide to insert into the growing chain if it encounters a highly modified nucleotide

Front 13

alpha-helices are held together by

Back 13

hydrogen bonds

Front 14

regulate gene expression in response to viral infection

Back 14

protein binds to enhancer sequence of the antiviral genes in the plant genome to activate their transcriptions

Front 15

DNA is ____ replicated and ____ transcribes

Back 15

completely replicated, partially transcribed

Front 16

Transcription is activated

Back 16

at different times in different cells of the body

Front 17

Heritable mutations caused by errors during

Back 17

replication

Front 18

okasaki fragments found in lagging strand during

Back 18

replication

Front 19

oxidation reduction reactions

Back 19

disulfide bond formation
NAD + H > NADH
NOT phospholipid synthesis

Front 20

Dehydration reactions have __ delta G and are ___ favored

Back 20

delta G is (+)
and reaction is not favored

Front 21

Peptide bond formation

Back 21

C to N and requires ATP, results in ADP and P and H20

Front 22

weak forces in secondary protein structure

Back 22

hydrogen bonds in core of the amino acids

Front 23

bacterial cells contain

Back 23

pilli

Front 24

Sperm development

Back 24

-swim by sliding stable microtubules past eachother
-spermatids remain attached by cytoplasmic bridge
-mature spern stops swiming when ATP is used up
-Midpeice contains ATP

Front 25

cyclin dependent kinase in active form modify target proteins by

Back 25

placing phosphate groups on them

Front 26

kinase activity of cyclin dependent kinase is increased and decreased at

Back 26

specific cell cycle stages

Front 27

chiasmata

Back 27

crossing over point between chromoatids of a homologous pair of chromosomes

Front 28

spermatogenesis

Back 28

diploid primary speratocyte is produced when a spermatogonium divides by mitosis

Front 29

nuclear lamina

Back 29

intermediate filament

Front 30

A human egg carrying a normal complement of autosomes plus one X chromosomes is
fertilized by a sperm carrying a normal complement of autosomes plus an X and a Y
chromosome. The resulting zygote will result in a person that:

Back 30

has one Barr body and is phenotypically male

Front 31

Virus consist of 2-3 parts

Back 31

-DNA or RNA
-Caspid Protein coat
-sometimes coat of lipids aswell

Front 32

virus metabolism

Back 32

- need living host
-kill host cell

Front 33

lysogenic cycle

Back 33

integrated into host cell dna

Front 34

lytic cycle

Back 34

bacteria dna is free floating from host dna
causes bursting
-main method

Front 35

Virus life cycle

Back 35

Attachment to a host cell.
Release of viral genes and possibly enzymes into the host cell.
Replication of viral components using host-cell machinery.
Assembly of viral components into complete viral particles.
Release of viral particles to infect new host cells.

Front 36

HIV

Back 36

reverse transcriptase and protesase=enzyme

Front 37

tat-regulatory protien

Back 37

which encorages new virus production
stops host protiens

Front 38

properties of viral vector

Back 38

-saftey-cant replicate on own without helper
-low toxicicity-minimal effect on phisiology of cell
-avoid virus than can change genomes rapidly
-specificity
-

Front 39

binding of repressor protien

Back 39

blocks transcription
positive control
lac operon...
lac shows up make prtiens to break down

Front 40

eukaryotic genome expression

Back 40

more regulatory sequences

Front 41

miRNA

Back 41

post-transcriptional regulators