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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adaptive Immune Responses Are Agenic - What is an Ag?
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mcls presented by MHC proteins and recognized by TCRs and ABs
usually made up of different epitopes (Agic determinants) each of which binds a specific Ab |
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Ag and Agic Determinants Key Concept
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For every Agic determinant there is a specific AB capable of reacting to it
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Cell Mediate Immunity
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for KILLING cells with INTRACELLULAR pathogens
cytotoxic T lymphocytes macrophage activation |
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Humoral Mediated Immunity
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Controlling EXTRACELLULAR pathogens
C cells plasma cells |
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Pepsin monomers and Fc
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degrade Fc of immunoglobulin, get only Fab dimer
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Papain
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2 Fab
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IgG
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80% total Ig circulating in blood
passive immunity: only AB that can pass placenta enhances phagocytosis neutralizes toxins and viruses |
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IgM
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first AB to appear following infection, fastest
IgM + IgG important for recruitment of complements |
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IgA
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mucosal AB
important in host defense at mucosal surfaces present in breast milk |
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IgE
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key role in hypersensitivity rxns (allergies)
defense against parasitic infections |
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IgD
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found on surface of B lymphocytes
B cells bind to AB M and D are only isotypes that can be expressed in same cell |
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Antimicrobial action of ABs
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opsonin: enhance phagoytosis
neutralizes viruses and toxins (block att) agglutinate bact = aid in clearing render orgs non motile - activ complement path |
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Allergy: what happens?
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capillary and airway diation
pain mucosal secretion |
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What are allergies?
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immune system overreacts, hypersensitive
mediated by IgE releases histamines and prostaglandins |
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Process of allergic rxn
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1: first time, make large amounts of allergen AB
2: IgE att to mast cells 3: 2nd exposure, IgE primed mast cells rel. granules like histamine and cytokines 4: mount allergic respons |
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What is asthma?
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inflammatory disorder of airways
causes wheezing, short of breath, tightness, coughing |
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Role of IgE in asthma
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IgE and allergens bind to mast cell which triggers degranulation and inflammatory mediators
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Cause of asthma
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genetic
certain resp infections as infant contact with some airborne allergens or viral infections early childhood |
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NK cells
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innate immunity
killing tumor cells and viruses release small cytoplasmic granules of protein - perforin and granzymes --> apoptosis |
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How do NK cells recognise targets?
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MHC I can be lost during infection or result of malignant transformation
NK have Fc receptor on surface When NK cells encounter AB coated host cells lacking MHC II --> degranulates, causing cell to apoptose |
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How does the body distinguish self from pathogens?
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MHC proteins
- function as AP mcls that interact with Ag and TCR - MHC I ALL nucleated cells - pres Ag to CD8 cytotoxic T cells - MHC II ONLY APC --> DCs, Macrophages, B cells - pres Ag to CD4 Helper T After MHC pres, Ag processing pathway is dif - CMI or HMI (ab) |
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Inflammatory Response
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localized accumulation of fluid, blood proteins, phagocytic cells
- anaphylatoxins and other loc. rel. mcls recruit more phagocytic cells - phag cells move to site via chemotaxis or diapedesis (pass thru intact vessel walls) - phag cells prod. cytokine and chemokine |
