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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Globally Ratio of Men:Women with Aids
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1:1
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Surrogate markers used for Drug regimesn
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T-4 Lymphocyte coute and viral load
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Highest HIV exposure category in the World is:
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Men who have sex with women, because of Africa
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The receptive partner is at greater risk of HIV infection the the insertive partner
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True
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What is Condoms efficent rate in the prevetion of AIDS/HIV
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80-90%
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What is the Greatest risk factor for getting HIV/AIDS (what body fluid)
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BLOOD
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Side effects of AZT are:
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* anemia (a drop in your red blood cells that can make you feel tired or short of breath)
* leukopenia ( a drop in your white blood cell that can increase your risk of bacterial infection). * headache * fatigue * dizziness * stomach upset * muscle aches * colour change in your nails * difficulty sleeping |
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When placebos are used in phase II clinical trials, today, patients in this group are given the best available treatment against the diseased being tested
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True,
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People with terminal illnesses are turning away for Traditional medicine and going to alternative therapies
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True
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The predominant clinical manifestation that occurs during the clinical course of the HIV infection is
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A gradual decrease in CD-4 lymphocytes
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According to the CDC which racial groups are proportionally over represented in the AIDS case in america.
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Blacks and Hispanics
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According to the CDC who are the highest exposed category to HIV/AIDS in america.
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1. Men who have sex with men
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During fallatio the receptive partner is at greater risk of HIV infection then the insertive partner.
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True
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Anthropologists have shown a correlation between male ______ and HIV tranmission in Afica.
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circumcision
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HIV can be transmitted by insect bite
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false
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Dry sex in regions of Africa increase the rate of HIV tranmission.
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True
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Protease inhibitors target which component of the HIV life cycle.
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assembly of the HIV virus.
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If a organism makes 35 proteins how many genes must it have/
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35
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Who was President of the US during the AIDS out break
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Reagan
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Why is there an increse risk of HIV tranmission in places like Aferica.
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High levels of STDs, Sexual rituals that invole exchange of blood, lack of womens rights, people moving from small villiges to large citys.
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Expression of which HIV gene is demonstrated to cause AIDS related demenia, in transgenic mice.
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ENV (GpP120)
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Making RNA from DNA is called
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Transcription
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Makeing DNA from RNA is called
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Translation
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Being infected and having a T4 count lower then ______ will give you a diagnosis of AIDS
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200
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What ancient pharaoh is given responsible for the AIDS epidemic
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King Tut (bogas)
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In America, what year did the death rate begin to decline due to better drugs and treament.
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1995
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Which Swedish scientist is given credit for starting the feild of taxonomy.
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Linnaeus
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Who designed the Compassionate Plea program
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David Kessler
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Mutations in HIV are heritale changes in the sequence of what?
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DNA
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A monomer of RNA is called a
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nucleotide
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Phylogenetic trees for retroviruses were created by comparing sequence homologies of
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DNA
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Physician were intially afraid of HIV becuase it was transmitted in a similat fashion to?
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Hepatits
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when a B cell matures is becomes plasma and secretes?
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antibodies
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Is HIV testing mandatory for all pregnant mothers
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NO
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what does it cost to do drug testing and approval of the FDA
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200 million
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________ is a statictical examination and characterization of an epidemic or disase.
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epidemiology.
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Is AIDS a rural or urban disease
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Urban
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HIV-2 is in what part of africa
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west
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In america what is the average to get diagnosis with AIDS
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30-40 yrs.
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How many people globally are impacted with HIV
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40 million
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How many g rituals enes does HIV have?
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3
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Why is AIDS a bigger problem globally, then in america
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breast feeding, different levels of infected women, sex rituals
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when a virus lays dormant in an infected cell, it is called?
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lysogenic
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what phase of clincal trials monitors the efficacy of the drug in question ageaist a specific disease
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II
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T cells requires which of the following organs to mature during development.
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Thymus
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What steps in HIV life cycle are single out for targets for drugs
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Reverse transcription and the assembly of core proteins
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What birth controll pill in the 1960 gave daughters cervical cancer.
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Diethylstilbesterol
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In the 1980's what meathod of AIDS tranmission was eliminated.
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blood tranfustion.
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AIDS is cased by what
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Retrovirus
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An Epidemiology is:
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The branch of medicine that deals with the study of the causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations. *Determine risk factors*
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If a female is infected with HIV during intercorse, which of her cells most likely will be infected.
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Langerhan cell
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What type of cells are invouled in immune responce
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Lymphocytes, macrophages, CD-4 cells, and killer cells (check for B cells)
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When a B cell binds to its antigen it undergoes
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Differentiation(maturation), clonal amphlification divison, and phagocytosis.
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What type of lymphocytes does HIV infect
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CD-4 lymphocytes, red blood cells, killer cells,
B lymphocytes |
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major side effects of drugs used to target HIV :
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muscle and never pain, anemia, diarrhea
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how many strands does typical DNA have
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2
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What generalized compinent of th immune responce is most important in makeing a vaccine
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memory
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The magic bullet is in referece to:
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syphilis paul ehrlich 1910
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When was the Golden Age of MicroBiology
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1900's
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When was the Golden Age of Molecular biology
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1950's
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What phase of clinical trials needs consent
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phase I,II and III
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LD-50 is determined in phase
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I and maybe II
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AZT interfers with what part of the HIV life cycle
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revers transcription
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Which arm of the immune responce requires DIRECT help for a CD-4 lymphocyte
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B cells
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The primary immune response is slower then the secondary immune responce
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False
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A CD-8 cell becomes a
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KILLER CELL
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Probability of contraction aids by anal sex
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1/100
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lymphocyte secrete a hormone know as:
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lymphokine
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What could be used as a possable vaccine aginst HIV
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Attenuated (weakened) HIV, GP-120, part of GP-120, a gene for ENV put in a non-disease producing virus.
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When a CD-4 Cell matures it learns to:
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HELP
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Something your body recongnizes as non-self is called a(n)
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Antigen
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The reeptive vaginal intercours the most likely cekk to be infected by HIV is a CD-4 lymphocyt.
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False
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Who is the Cal. Berkeley professor who believes the AIDS is not cause by HIV.
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P. Duesberg
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Which drugs are targeted to specific steps of the life cycle of HIV
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Protease inhibitors
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When a antigen meets the appropriate lymphocyte is case that lymphocyte to under go
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clonal amplification and differentiation
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the formation of a syncitium (a cluster of multinucleate cells) is one way that HIV kills uninfected cells
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true
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which type of lymphocyte is directed towars intracellular antigens
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CD-8
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What book help shape Americans drug testing policy
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The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
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Who was the Surgeon General during Reagans appoint.
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C.E. Koop
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What is a defination of a desease
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A break down of the reflex arc
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phagocytosis is cellular what?
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Eating
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The B cell receptors in a single B cell are homogeneous.
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True
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