Mccurdy Us History Ch. 19 The Cold War

Front 1

Nonviolent hostility between the U.S. & Soviet Union that arose during the 1950s.

Back 1

Cold War

Front 2

Emerged from World War II as superpowers.

Back 2

U.S. & Soviet Union

Front 3

Resulted in competing Communist & Western alliances.

Back 3

Cold War

Front 4

The competition that developed between the United States and the Soviet Union for power and influence in the world.

Back 4

Cold War

Front 5

Political conflict and military tension that characterized the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union for nearly 50 years after World War II.

Back 5

Cold War

Front 6

At Yalta, Roosevelt and Churchill clashed with Stalin over his refusal to allow free elections in ______.

Back 6

Poland

Front 7

One contributing factor to the Cold War was the fact that Stalin broke a promise he had made at Yalta for ___________.

Back 7

free elections in Eastern Europe

Front 8

After World War II the United States objected to the Soviet domination of ________.

Back 8

Poland in particular (Eastern Europe in general)

Front 9

At this conference, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin decided to divide defeated Germany into four sectors.

Back 9

Yalta

Front 10

The occupation zones resulted in a democratic and a communist _________.

Back 10

Germany

Front 11

Democratic Germany

Back 11

West Germany

Front 12

Communist Germany

Back 12

East Germany

Front 13

In addition to dividing Germany after WWII ________ was also divided.

Back 13

Berlin

Front 14

West Berlin was completely surrounded by ________.

Back 14

East Germany

Front 15

He was determined that Germany would never threaten his nation again.

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Joseph Stalin

Front 16

Took control of several Eastern European countries after World War II.

Back 16

Soviet Union

Front 17

He defied Stalin and ruled Yugoslavia relatively free of Soviet interference.

Back 17

Tito

Front 18

In Eastern Europe they were nations controlled politically and economically by the Soviet Union

Back 18

satellite nations

Front 19

Division of Europe into Communist and Democratic regions.

Back 19

Iron Curtain

Front 20

Was created so people could not escape to West Berlin.

Back 20

Berlin wall

Front 21

In East Germany, Poland, Hungary, & Czechoslovakia there were revolts against____.

Back 21

Soviet domination

Front 22

The imaginary line that divided Europe between capitalist West and Communist East

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iron curtain

Front 23

Philosophical "wall" of Soviet domination and oppression.

Back 23

iron curtain

Front 24

In 1946, HE proclaimed that an Iron curtain separated Communist Eastern Europe from capitalist Western Europe.

Back 24

Winston Churchill

Front 25

U.S. policy of resistance to Soviet attempts at expanding communism.

Back 25

containment

Front 26

Policy developed by American leaders after WWII, to resist and stop the spread of communism.

Back 26

containment

Front 27

A promise to support nations trying to resist Soviet control.

Back 27

Truman Doctrine

Front 28

Pressure by Communists on Turkey and Greece led to the ______.

Back 28

Truman Doctrine

Front 29

As a result of the Truman Doctrine congress approved $400 million to help what two countries resist Soviet influence?

Back 29

Turkey & Greece

Front 30

Doctrine giving military and economic aid to help countries block communist takeovers.

Back 30

Truman Doctrine

Front 31

The Truman doctrine was in effect the policy of _____.

Back 31

containment

Front 32

U.S. leaders attempted to keep communism from spreading to other nations in a policy of ______.

Back 32

containment

Front 33

As Secretary of State HE drafted a plan to help European nations rebuild after World War II.

Back 33

George Marshall

Front 34

Pledged American financial aid to all European nations following World War II.

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Marshall Plan

Front 35

The U.S. gave massive economic aid which revived Western European economies after WWII.

Back 35

Marshall Plan

Front 36

One goal of the Marshall Plan was to create stable democracies that could ______.

Back 36

resist communism

Front 37

In response to the Marshall Plan the Soviet Union ________.

Back 37

refused to participate

Front 38

After World War II the Soviet Union attempted to rebuild in ways that would protect its ____.

Back 38

own interest

Front 39

Because West Berlin had become an escape route to the West the Soviet Union attempted to force the Allies to _________.

Back 39

abandon it

Front 40

Provided vital supplies to a region blockaded by the Soviet Union.

Back 40

Berlin airlift

Front 41

Means for of transporting supplies around the Soviet blockade.

Back 41

Berlin airlift

Front 42

When the Soviet's blockaded West Berlin President Truman responded with the _____.

Back 42

Berlin airlift

Front 43

Both the U.S. & the Soviet Union formed them with the countries they protected or occupied.

Back 43

military alliances.

Front 44

It was formed in 1949 by a number of nations to protect themselves from possible Soviet aggression.

Back 44

NATO

Front 45

NATO was based on the principal of ______.

Back 45

collective security

Front 46

NATO

Back 46

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Front 47

Principal of mutual military assistance.

Back 47

collective security

Front 48

Consisted of the U.S. and its Western European allies.

Back 48

NATO

Front 49

Part of the reason for the development of NATO was the Veto power of the Soviet Union in the _________.

Back 49

United Nations Security Council

Front 50

A military alliance between the Soviet Union and its satellite nations.

Back 50

Warsaw Pact

Front 51

Two events in 1949 that heightened American's concern about the Cold War.

Back 51

Successful Soviet test of an Atomic bomb and Communist taking control of China.

Front 52

In response to the Soviet Union's deployment of an atomic bomb Truman approved the development of the _________.

Back 52

Hydrogen Bomb

Front 53

After Japan's defeat civil war resumed in China between the ____________.

Back 53

Communists & Nationalists

Front 54

Leader of the Communists in China after WWII.

Back 54

Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)

Front 55

Leader of the Nationalists in China after WWII.

Back 55

Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek)

Front 56

Communists won control of mainland China in _____. (year)

Back 56

1949

Front 57

The communists won in China in large part because they won the support of the _____.

Back 57

peasants

Front 58

Leader of the Communist forces that took control of China in 1949.

Back 58

Mao Zedong

Front 59

After China fell to Mao Zedong some members of congress called for the protection of the ____.

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rest of Asia

Front 60

The success of communists in other parts of the world produced a fear that communists were living in ________.

Back 60

the United States

Front 61

Truman's Federal Employee Loyalty Program was intended to expose _____.

Back 61

Communists

Front 62

Committee that probed the government for Communist infiltration.

Back 62

HUAC

Front 63

HUAC

Back 63

House Un-American Activities Committee

Front 64

In the late 1940s, IT investigated the motion picture industry for Communist influences.

Back 64

HUAC

Front 65

Members of the House Un-American Activities Committee charged numerous Hollywood figures with being sympathetic to _______.

Back 65

Communist ideas

Front 66

Invoking their constitutional rights they refused to answer questions from the HUAC.

Back 66

Hollywood Ten

Front 67

The Hollywood ten were cited for contempt of congress and served _____.

Back 67

jail terms

Front 68

Were compiled by studios in Hollywood as a result of the HUAC investigations.

Back 68

blacklists

Front 69

A list of the names of people whom employers agree not to hire.

Back 69

blacklist

Front 70

Accused of being a Communist by Whittaker Chambers. He was convicted of perjury and his conviction emboldened those searching for communist .

Back 70

Alger Hiss

Front 71

Their trial and execution in 1952 intensified the fear of communism as an internal threat to the United States.

Back 71

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

Front 72

Senator Joseph McCarthy's hearings were intended to expose _____.

Back 72

Communists

Front 73

The federal government's hunt for communist within the U.S. resulted in the violation many people's ______.

Back 73

civil rights

Front 74

The activities of the HUAC and McCarthyism were part of the ______.

Back 74

Second Red Scare

Front 75

Part of the reason for the Korean War was the communist victory in the ________.

Back 75

Chinese Civil War

Front 76

Country that controlled Korea for much of the first half of the twentieth century.

Back 76

Japan

Front 77

Asian country that was divided into two after World War II, one half with a pro-American government, the other with a pro-communist government.

Back 77

Korea

Front 78

After WWII the U.S. and Soviet forces agreed to divide this nation at the 38th parallel.

Back 78

Korea

Front 79

Communist Dictator of North Korea after WWII.

Back 79

Kim Il Sung

Front 80

The North Koreans attacked the South in June of _________.

Back 80

1950

Front 81

Americans believed that the North Korean invasion of South Korea was motivated by the ____.

Back 81

Soviet Union

Front 82

Because of the absence of the Soviet Union it condemned the North Korean invasion and used a force made up mostly of U.S. troops to fight the North Koreans.

Back 82

United Nations

Front 83

Passed a resolution that supported efforts to defend South Korea and restore peace.

Back 83

United Nations

Front 84

The North Koreans overran most of the South until they were stopped by the U.N. forces, the U.N. forces then counter attacked and drove back close to the ______.

Back 84

Chinese border

Front 85

After Mao Zedong sent hundreds of thousands of Chinese troops to help the North Koreans the U.N. forces were driven back to the _____.

Back 85

38th parallel

Front 86

American General who led the United Nations forces during the Korean War.

Back 86

Douglas MacArthur

Front 87

General MacArthur wanted to break the stalemate in Korea by attacking the ______.

Back 87

Chinese mainland

Front 88

When Truman opposed his strategy of attacking China during the Korean War he appealed to the Speaker of the House.

Back 88

Douglas MacArthur

Front 89

When General MacArthur's appeal to the speaker of the House was made public Truman _____.

Back 89

fired MacArthur

Front 90

The Korean War turned into a stalemate and both sides signed an armistice to end fighting in ____. (year)

Back 90

1953

Front 91

After the Korean War nearly two million North and South Koreans remained dug in on either side of the _____.

Back 91

demilitarized zone (DMZ)

Front 92

After the Korean war the boundaries between North and South Korea returned to their ____.

Back 92

pre-war status

Front 93

It did result in South Korea remaining free of communism.

Back 93

Korean War

Front 94

Individual most responsible for spreading a fear of Communism in the United states.

Back 94

Joseph McCarthy

Front 95

Senator Joseph McCarthy's power faded after he appeared on television in the ________.

Back 95

Army-McCarthy hearings

Front 96

Revolutionary leader who in 1959 overthrew the Cuban dictatorship.

Back 96

Fidel Castro

Front 97

Eisenhower halted exports to Cuba when Fidel Castro seized _______.

Back 97

American property

Front 98

One reason the U.S. became involved in the affairs of the Middle East after World War II was to prevent oil-rich Arab nations from falling under _______.

Back 98

Soviet influence

Front 99

The United States acted to oppose Soviet influence in the Middle East under _____.

Back 99

President Eisenhower

Front 100

Jews had been driven out of what is today Palestine in the first century, but started to return in the _______.

Back 100

1800s

Front 101

The Holocaust created worldwide support for a _______.

Back 101

Jewish Homeland in Palestine

Front 102

After WWII Jews migrated in large numbers to ______.

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Palestine

Front 103

The U.N. drew up a plan to divide Palestine into an ______.

Back 103

Arab and a Jewish state

Front 104

Rejected the idea of a Jewish state in Palestine.

Back 104

Arabs

Front 105

When Britain withdrew from Palestine the Jews proclaimed the independent state of ______.

Back 105

Israel

Front 106

After Israel declared its independence the Arabs ______.

Back 106

launched the first of several wars against them

Front 107

Victors in the Arab Israeli wars.

Back 107

Israel

Front 108

A major goal of the U.S. policy in Latin America during the Cold War was to protect American _________.

Back 108

financial investments

Front 109

The struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union to gain weapons superiority.

Back 109

arms race

Front 110

Event that did the most produce fear in Americans of an attack by the Soviet Union.

Back 110

Soviet Union successfully testing an atomic bomb

Front 111

Within a year of the U.S. exploding its first thermonuclear device the Soviet Union successfully tested its own _______.

Back 111

Hydrogen Bomb

Front 112

The policy of making the military power of the U.S. and its allies so strong that no enemy would dare attack it for fear of retaliation.

Back 112

deterrence.

Front 113

The ability to come to the verge of war without actually going to war.

Back 113

brinkmanship

Front 114

Secretary of State who made it clear that the United States would risk war to protect its national interests.

Back 114

John Foster Dulles

Front 115

Policy of being willing to risk war to protect national interests.

Back 115

brinkmanship

Front 116

Secretary of state who developed the policy of brinkmanship.

Back 116

John Foster Dulles

Front 117

The U.S. lagged behind the Soviet Union in missile development because of its reliance on ___________.

Back 117

aircraft to carry nuclear weapons

Front 118

The size of the technology gap between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in the area of missiles became apparent in 1957 when the Soviets used a rocket to launch the first artificial satellite ______.

Back 118

Sputnik