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560 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Chapter 1
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The last president born before the Constitution. (1) pg. 6
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Zachary Taylor
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A person of remarkable talent or ability who achieves great success or acclaim at an early age. (2)
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Wunderkind
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American technique of making each part by a special-purpose machine, which could reproduce an endless number of similar parts. (1) pg. 15
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American system of Manufacturers
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Houses built using the American system of Manufacturers. (1) pg. 17
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balloon frames
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A sociopolitical policy, especially in the United States in the 19th century, favoring the interests of established inhabitants over those of immigrants. (2)
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Nativism
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The coexistence of many cultures in a locality, without any one culture dominating the region. (2)
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Cultural pluralism
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Seeks to overcome racism, sexism, and other forms of discrimination. (2)
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Cultural pluralism
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The boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland, regarded as the division between free and slave states before the Civil War. (2)
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Mason-Dixon line
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30,000 miles of _________that was laid in the U.S. by 1860 was larger than the rest of the world combined. (1) pg. 12
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Railroad
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None
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Provided instant quotations on price changes all over the country. (1) pg. 12
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Telegraph
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In 1848 several major newspapers pooled resources to form the __________________. (1) pg. 13
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Associated Press
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Could not survive the transportation revolution. (1) pg. 13
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Pre-Industrial world
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Made possible a division of labor and specialization of production for even larger and more distant markets (helped end the pre-industrial world. (1) pg. 13
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Transportation Revolution
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None
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Crops for which the soil and climate were most suitable. (1) pg. 13
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Specialized crops
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Industrialists. (1) pg. 13
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merchant capitalists
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They reorganized and standardized the production of a variety of goods for large-volume sale in regional and national markets. (1) pg. 13
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merchant capitalists
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None
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Often women and children who performed separate parts of a sequential process previously done entirely by skilled workers. (1) pg. 14
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semiskilled workers
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Worked in their homes and returned to the shop for finishing. (1) pg. 14
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semiskilled workers
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Regularity, punctuality, constancy and industry by moral and religious instruction daily given. (1) pg. 20
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Protestant ethical values
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None
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Often women and children who performed separate parts of a sequential process previously done entirely by skilled workers. (1) pg. 22
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green hands/slop workers
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Dependence on wages robbed a man of his independence and therefore of his liberty; no better than slave laborer. (1) pg. 24
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wage slavery
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Capitalism glorified the pursuit of self-interest in the quest for profits; Virtue required individuals to put the community's interest above their own. (1) pg. 24
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Capitalism versus virtue
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Specified that a republic must benefit all the people, not just favored classes. (1) pg. 24
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Commonwealth
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None
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Exclusive control by one group of the means of producing or selling a commodity or service. (2)
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monopolies
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Concentrations of power that endangered liberty. (1) pg. 25
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monopolies
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In the largest American cities, the wealthiest 5 percent of the population owned about 70 percent of the taxable property. (1) pg. 26
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unequal distribution of wealth
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Fostered by monopolies. (1) pg. 26
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unequal distribution of wealth
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Ownership of real and personal property. (2)
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wealth
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Support for the Whigs and the Democrats led to a ________________________. (1) pg. 27
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two party system
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The Banking question remained a polarizing issue in state politics between the ___. (1) pg. 27
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Whigs and Democrats
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None
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Pro-banking Whigs against anti-banking Democrats. (1) pg. 27
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Whigs versus Democrats
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Greater efficiency benefited both alike by raising wages as well as profits. (1) pg. 27
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Whig defense of capitalism
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"The interests of the capitalist and the laborer are … in perfect harmony with each other." (1) pg. 28
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Whig answer to labor theory of value
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Supported internal improvements in the form of roads, canals, railroads, tariffs to protect American industry and labor from low-wage foreign competition, a centralized rationalized banking system. (1) pg. 28
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Whig supporters
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Belief that a person could better their position and rise to fortune and social distinction. (1) pg. 28
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Ideology of upward mobility
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None
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Produced an outpouring of self-improvement literature advising young men how to get ahead. (1) pg. 29
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Gospel of success
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Supported all kinds of "improvements" to promote economic growth and upward mobility. (1) pg. 29
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Whig supporters
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Affirming, promoting, or characterized by belief in equal political, economic, social, and civil rights for all people. (2)
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egalitarianism
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Their commitment to slavery and racism was as blatant in the North as it was in the South. (1) pg. 31
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Democratic supporters
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None
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Turns from a unit of production to a unit of consumption.
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Family
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Why women were not paid as much as men for the same services. (1) pg. 35
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Domestic Feminism
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Demanded equal rights in all spheres. (1) pg. 35
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Radical Feminism
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Convention that launched the women's rights movement. (1) pg. 36
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Seneca Falls
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Declared all men and women are created equal and deserved their inalienable rights including the elective franchise. (1) pg. 36
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Declaration of Sentiments
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None
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It was encouraged then threatened with destruction. (1) pg. 37
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Slave Family
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None
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Members of the movement that agitated for the compulsory emancipation of the slaves. (1) pg. 36
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Abolitionists
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Many believed free labor was incompatible with _____________. (1) pg. 37
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slavery
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Free labor versus the right to ______________. (1) pg. 37
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property
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Argument over slavery in the South could be contained by the _________________. (1) pg. 38
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two party system
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Argument over the expansion of slavery could not be contained by the ____________. (1) pg. 38
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two party system
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Book that condemned slavery out of the slave owners'' own mouths. (1) pg. 38
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"American Slavery as It Is"
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Chapter two
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Presided over the acquisition of more territory than any other President. (1) pg. 47
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James K. Polk
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Mr. Polk's war. (1) pg. 47
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Mexican-American War
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None
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Voted against a war with Mexico. (1) pg. 47
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Whigs
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Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand to the Pacific. (3) pg. 248
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Manifest Destiny
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Dates of the Mexican War. (3) pg. 249
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1846-1848
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Used as justification for the Mexican War. (1) pg. 48
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Manifest Destiny
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Polk provoked war by sending U.S. troops into territory ___________. (1) pg. 48
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claimed by Mexico
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The Mexican War and Manifest destiny were supported by ___________. (1) pg. 48
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Democrats
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The Mexican War and Manifest destiny were opposed by _________________. (1) pg. 48
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Whigs
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Favored internal improvements over expansion (party). (1) pg. 49
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Whigs
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Led settlers in an uprising that proclaimed an independent California. (1) pg. 49
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John C. Fremont
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Brief independence of Californian Republic. (1) pg. 49
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Bear Flag Republic
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Yielded territory that includes the present states of California, Nevada, Utah and parts of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Wyoming. (3) pg. 249
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Mexican American War or Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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None
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Wanted to annex all of Mexico. (1) pg. 50
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All Mexico Democrats
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Did not want to acquire any new territory from the Mexican War. (1) pg. 50
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No territory Whigs
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Created the phrase "Mexico will poison us." (1) pg. 51
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Admitted MO as a slave state, Maine as a free state and prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Purchase above Thirty six thirty (1820). (4) pg. 865
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Missouri Compromise
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Line above which slavery was prohibited in Louisiana Purchase. (4) pg. 865
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thirty six thirty
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Would make slavery illegal in all territory gained in the Mexican War. (1) pg. 52
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Wilmot Proviso
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Before the Wilmot Proviso Congress was divided by_____. (1) pg. 54
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Party
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After the Wilmot Proviso Congress was divided by ____. (1) pg. 54
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section
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Antislavery people varied by degree with the most extreme being the ______. (1) pg. 54
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Abolitionists
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Some people like Lincoln believed Slavery "an unqualified evil" but did not believe it was the _______________. (1) pg. 55
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most crucial issue facing the nation
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Often it's effect was the opposite of it's intent (in respect to slavery). (1) pg. 55
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Abolitionism
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Lincoln believed it tended to unite the South in its defense of slavery. (1) pg. 55
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Abolitionism
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Before 1840 southerners tended to defend slavery as a ______. (1) pg. 56
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Necessary Evil
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After 1840 Southerners tended to defend slavery as a _______. (1) pg. 56
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Positive Good
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Belief that slavery eliminated class conflict that could destroy free-labor societies. (1) pg. 56
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Marxist argument for slavery
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He defended slavery as "a positive good…the most safe and stable basis for free institutions in the world. (1) pg. 57
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John C. Calhoun
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Michigan Senator first identified with popular sovereignty. (1) pg. 58
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Lewis Cass
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Mexican war hero, Whig candidate for presidency in 1848. (1) pg. 58
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Zachary Taylor
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Mexican war general failed presidential candidate. (1) pg. 59
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Winfield Scott
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Old Fuss and Feathers. (1) pg. 58
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Winfield Scott
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All adult white males could vote. (1) pg. 59
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(White) manhood suffrage
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"Mr. Whig--a founder of the party and architect of the 'American system.'" (1) pg. 59
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Henry Clay
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Intended to promote economic growth by a protective tariff, a national bank, and federal aid to internal improvements. (1) pg. 59
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"American System"
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Belief that the slavery issue, in the territories, should be decided by popular vote. (1) pg. 58
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Popular Sovereignty
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Whigs who would not support anyone who is not known to be against the extension of slavery. (1) pg. 60
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"Conscience Whigs"
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Opposed the Mexican War & supported the Wilmot Proviso but were willing to join with southern Whigs to elect slave owner Zachary Taylor. (1) pg. 60
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"Cotton Whigs"
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Whigs who supported the extension of slavery. (1) pg. 60
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Southern Whigs
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Antislavery democrats who stomped out of the 1848 convention. (1) pg. 60
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"Barnburners"
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Nominated Martin Van Buren on a Wilmot Proviso platform in presidential election of 1848. (1) pg. 61
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Barnburner Convention
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Pragmatic leader of the Liberty Party who favored a coalition with all Whigs and democrats who favored keeping slavery out of the territories. (1) pg. 61
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Salmon P. Chase
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Founded as a pure abolitionist party. (1) pg. 61
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Liberty Party
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Conscience Whigs. (1) pg. 61
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Antislavery Whigs
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Anyone who wanted to keep slavery out of the territories. (1) pg. 61
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Free Soilers
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A coalition of those who want to keep slavery out of the territories meet in Buffalo and nominate Martin Van Buren for President. (1) pg. 61
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Free Soil convention
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None
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Was nominated by both the Barnburner convention and the Free Soil convention in 1848. (1) pg. 61
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Martin Van Buren
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An antislavery advisor of Zachary Taylor. (1) pg. 63
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William H. Seward
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"Free soil, Free speech, free labor, and free men." (1) pg. 62
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Free Soil motto
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Resulted in California's early need for a territorial government. (1) pg. 64
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Gold Rush of 1849
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Gold was discovered in the river by his sawmill. (1) pg. 64
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John Sutter
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Eventual vice president of the confederacy supported Taylor in 1848. (1) pg. 258
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Alexander Stephens
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An equal number of slave states to free states maintaining a balance in the Senate. (1) pg. 66
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Balance of Power
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The House of Representatives was unable to elect a _____________ in 1849. (1) pg. 68
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Speaker
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None
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President Taylor attempted to admit California and New Mexico_______. (1) pg. 68
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directly as states
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Jefferson Davis believed the admission of California and New Mexico as states would destroy the __________. (1) pg. 66
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Balance of Power
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Earliest to believe the differences with the North were irreconcilable. Passionate southern nationalists. (1) pg. 69
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"Fire-eaters"
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Senator from Massachusetts, member of the Senate Triumvirate, defended national unity. (1) pg. 70, (3) pg. 257
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Daniel Webster
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Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, & John C. Calhoun. (1) pg. 70
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Senate Triumvirate
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Admitted California as "free" state but allowed some newly opened territories to decide for themselves. (popular sovereignty). Also enacted a strict fugitive slave law. (4) pg. 312
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Compromise of 1850
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The force behind the compromise of 1850. (1) pg. 70
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Henry Clay
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Had prohibited slavery in the old Northwest territory back in 1787. (1) pg. 72
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Northwest Ordinance
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Belief that a law higher than the Constitution (God's law) made slavery wrong. (1) pg. 73
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"Higher Law"
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Speech made by William H Seward which inflamed southerners. (1) pg. 73
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Higher Law speech
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Seward's higher law speech represented the opinion of the _______. (1) pg. 73
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Upper North
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None
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Men from these regions worked for a settlement of the two extremes. (1) pg. 73
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Lower North and Upper South
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Calhoun's defense of slavery as a positive good represented the opinion of the __________. (1) pg. 73
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Lower South
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Fire-eaters met at the _____________. (1) pg.73
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Nashville Convention
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Civilians write a free-state constitution for New Mexico. (1) pg. 74
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Convention in Santa Fe
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A clash between Texas and the U.S. army seemed imminent over ______________. (1) pg. 74
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New Mexico
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Died when a crisis over New Mexico seemed imminent. (1) pg. 74
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President Zachary Taylor
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Replaced Taylor as President of the U.S. (1) pg. 74
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Millard Fillmore
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Was more open to compromise than President Taylor. (1) pg. 74
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President Fillmore
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Something which can be used to carry a lot of people. E.G. legislation that will win the support of lots of people. (2)
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Omnibus
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The strategy of the Compromise of 1850. Gives each side something it wants to get them to accept something they don't want. (1) pg.75
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Omnibus strategy
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Actually a derisive term for the Clay's compromise of 1850 used by President Taylor. (1) pg. 73
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Omnibus bill
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The one who actually was able to push through the Compromise of 1850 by breaking it down to its component parts and getting each part passed. (1) pg. 75
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Stephen Douglas
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A contemptuous nickname for a timid, yielding politician, or one who is easily molded. (2)
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doughface
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California's new senators were of a decidedly ___________. (1) pg. 77
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doughface cast
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Part of the Compromise of 1850 that required all Northern agencies and even private citizens to help in capturing and returning slaves to their owners. (4) pg. 312
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fugitive slave law
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Became one of the most inflammatory issues in the North. They resented its imposition on them. (1) pg. 77
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fugitive slave law
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President Fillmore christened the Compromise of 1850 to be the ______________. (1) pg. 76
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"final settlement"
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Chapter 3
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Affirmed that a slaveholder's right to his property overrode any contrary state legislation. (1) pg. 78
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Prigg vs.. Pennsylvania
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Enforcement of fugitive slave clause was a federal responsibility not state. (1) pg. 78 (court decision)
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Prigg vs.. Pennsylvania
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None
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Authorized slave owners' to cross state lines to recapture their property and bring it before any local magistrate or federal court to prove ownership. (1) pg. 78
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Fugitive Slave Law of 1793
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None
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Did not make sure they had captured the right man. (1) pg. 78
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slave capturers
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Was declared unconstitutional because of slaveholders right to property. (1) pg. 79
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Pennsylvania anti-kidnapping law
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Carried fugitives North toward freedom. (1) pg. 79
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Underground railroad
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Yankee network of law breakers who stole thousands of slaves each year. (1) pg. 79
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Underground railroad
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Put the burdon of proof on captured blacks but gave them no legal power to prove freedom. (1) pg. 80
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Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
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Refusal or failure of a U.S. state to recognize or enforce a federal law with in its boundaries. (1) pg. 81
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Nullification
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An Abolitionist pacifist. (1) pg. 84
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William Lloyd Garrison
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Believe that conflicts between peoples should and could be settled peacefully. (2)
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Pacifists
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Freed slave who became the foremost black leader prior to and during civil warm. (1) pg. 84
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Frederick Douglass
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He said "The only way to make the Fugitive Slave Law a dead letter is to make half a dozen or more dead kidnappers." (1) pg. 84
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Frederick Douglass
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Radical White abolitionist who began as a wool merchant Springfield, MA. (1) pg. 84
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John Brown
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Organized the "Gileadites." (1) pg. 84
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John Brown
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Black self-defense group. (1) pg. 84
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Gileadites
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Quaker village in Pennsylvania that became site of a slave crisis. (1) pg. 84
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Christiana
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Fight between a Maryland slave-owner trying to reclaim his slaves and fugitive slaves. (1) pg. 85
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"Battle of Christiana"
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"Civil War - The First Blow Struck", according to a Lancaster, Pennsylvania newspaper. (1) pg. 85
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"Battle of Christiana"
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A Christian sect that housed fugitive slaves in their community in Christiana, PA. (2)
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Quakers
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Trials of 36 blacks and five whites for betraying their country in the "Battle of Christiana." (1) pg. 85
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Treason Trials
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None
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The government's case quickly degenerated into a farce. (1) pg. 85
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Treason Trials
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A belligerent person or a militant partisan who did not want to stay in the union because of Northern resistance to the Fugitive Slave Law. (2)
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Fire-eater
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A minority of Democrats in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi who joined Whigs to confront Southern Rights Democrats. (1) pg. 86
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Constitutional Union Parties
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Advocated "cooperation" with other states rather than secession by individual states. (1) pg. 86
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Constitutional Union Parties
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Democrats who wanted slavery protected. (1) pg. 86
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Southern Rights Democrats
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Convention that demonstrated that cooperation was another word for inaction. (1) pg. 87
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Nashville Convention
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It declared that while the South did "not wholly approve" of the Compromise of 1850 she would "abide by it as a permanent adjustment of this sectional controversy" - so long as the North similarly abided. (1) pg. 87
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"Georgia Platform"
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None
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Any action by Congress against slavery in the District of Columbia, any refusal to admit a new slave state or to recognize slavery in the new territories would cause Georgia to resist, with secession "as a last resort." (1) pg. 87
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"Georgia Platform"
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A perishable commodity that would last only as long as the North remained on good behavior. (1) pg. 87
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Southern Unionism
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Radical antislavery Congressman from Vermont entered the House in 1849. (1) pg. 87
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Thaddeus Stevens
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Radical antislavery Congressman from Indiana entered the House in 1849. (1) pg. 87
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George W. Julian
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None
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Radical antislavery Congressman from Ohio entered the Senate in 1851. (1) pg. 87
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Benjamin Wade
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None
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Racist attitude that characterized much of the Northern Population. (1) pg. 88
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Negrophobia
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Legislation barring the immigration of any black person, free or slave. (2)
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exclusion laws
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They were used in border states to reassure the South and reflected the racist sentiments of many whites. (1) pg. 88
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exclusion laws
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None
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Residents in the southern tier of Ohio who wanted no part of black people and were more likely to aid the slave catcher than the fugitive. (1) pg. 88
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Butternuts
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Were swept into the antislavery movement by the Second Great Awakening. (1) pg. 88
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Evangelical Protestants
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Religious revival in the late 1820s and 1830s. Grew partly out of a reaction to the Deism of the French Revolution.
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Second Great Awakening
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Leading preacher of the Second Great Awakening
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Charles Grandison Finney
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Charles Grandison Finney argued against the Calvinistic view of God and argued that men were moral free agents, who could obtain salvation by their ________.
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own efforts
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Name given to Western New York state by Charles Grandison Finney because it had been so evangelized that there was no fuel left (people to be converted).
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Burned over district
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The Second Great Awakening encouraged the growth of ________.
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reform movements
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Author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin." (1) pg. 88
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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Book that expressed the unpleasant life of a slave. (1) pg. 88
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"Uncle Tom's Cabin"
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Daughter, sister and wife of Congregational clergymen. (1) pg. 88
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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Wrote New Orleans magazine about the unfairness of the South's economic dependence on the North. (1) pg. 93
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James B.D. De Bow
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Belief that Southern Commerce could control economics in the North. (1) pg. 93
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"Commerce is King"
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It attempted to establish southern-owned shipping lines for direct trade with Europe (1845). (1) pg. 93
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Convention of Memphis
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None
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Trading with other countries without being directed through the North. (1) pg. 95
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Commercial Independence
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A popular personification of the great staple production of the Southern U.S. (2)
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King Cotton
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A movement for equitable distribution of land and for agrarian reform (to further agricultural interests). (2)
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Jeffersonian agrarianism
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Rum from New England traded with West Africa for slaves, slaves then traded with the West Indies for tobacco and molasses. (2)
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Triangular Trade
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In slave trade the part from Africa to the West Indies on the Atlantic Ocean.
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Middle Passage
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For economic reasons slave owners in the upper South opposed its reopening. (1) pg. 102
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Middle Passage
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Vessel used by Charles Lamar in illicit slave trade. (1) pg. 103
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Wanderer
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Owner of the Wanderer, who participated in the illegal slave trade in the 1850s. (1) pg. 103
|
Charles A.L. Lamar
|
|
|
A policy of imperialist expansion defended as necessary and benevolent. (2)
|
Manifest Destiny
|
|
|
Southerners looked to lands South of the border for the purpose_________. (1) pg. 104
|
acquiring more slave territory
|
|
|
"The Pearl of the West Indies". (1) pg. 104
|
Cuba
|
|
|
Southerners hoped to purchase Cuba to _______________. (1) pg. 104
|
extend slavery
|
|
|
In the House of Rep. they made it unlikely to have the funds appropriated to buy Cuba because it contained nearly half a million slaves. (1) pg. 104
|
Whig and Wilmot Proviso Majority
|
None
|
|
Cuban soldier who fled to New York, then led an uprising in Cuba with the hope of freeing Cuba from Spanish rule. (1) 105
|
Narciso Lopez
|
|
|
American adventurers who raised or participated in military forces that either invaded or planned to invade foreign countries with which the United States was formally at peace. (2)
|
Filibusters
|
|
|
Filibusters wanted to gain territory for the ___________. (1) pg. 105
|
expansion of slavery
|
|
|
Led Filibusters in Cuba. (1) pg. 105
|
Narciso Lopez
|
|
|
Mississippi Governor who help Lopez recruit men and raise money and weapons. (1) pg. 106
|
John Quitman
|
|
|
Commanded a regiment of Southern volunteers in Cuba. (1) pg. 106
|
William J. Crittenden
|
|
|
Died down for a time while expansionists concentrated on winning a friendly administration in the election of 1852. (1) pg. 107
|
Filibustering
|
|
|
Element of the Democratic party which made Cuba an important issue in the election of 1852. (1) pg. 107
|
"Young America"
|
None
|
|
Was elected President in 1852. (1) pg. 107
|
Franklin Pierce
|
|
|
He said "Our position on the globe, render the acquisition of certain possessions eminently important to our protection." (1) pg. 107
|
Franklin Pierce
|
None
|
|
Filled his cabinet with supporters of Manifest Destiny. (1) pg. 107
|
Franklin Pierce
|
|
|
Appointed as minister to Spain by Franklin Pierce. (1) pg. 108
|
Pierre Soule
|
|
|
Pierre Soule supported filibusters in Cuba and bringing Cuba into the U.S. as a ________. (1) pg. 107
|
state
|
|
|
Revolutionary movements against monarchy in Europe. (1) pg. 108
|
Revolutions of 1848
|
|
|
Only expansionist achievement of the Pierce administration. (1) pg. 108
|
Gadsden Purchase
|
|
|
Purchase of 46,000 square miles of Northern Mexico from Santa Anna. (1) pg. 108
|
Gadsden Purchase
|
|
|
Mexican leader who sold part of Mexico to U.S. in Gadsden Purchase. (1) pg. 108
|
Santa Anna
|
|
|
It occupied England and France while John Quitman tried organizing an revolutionary uprising in Cuba with intentions of an American take-over. (1) pg. 109
|
Crimean War
|
None
|
|
Because so much political capital was spent on this issue, it deprived the slave states of the strength it needed for the acquisition of Cuba. (2)
|
Kansas-Nebraska Act
|
|
|
Law, if suspended, would have allowed a legal attempt at take-over of Cuba. (2)
|
Neutrality law
|
|
|
It said, “Cuba is as necessary to the North American republic as any of its present…family of states." (1) pg. 110
|
Ostend Manifesto
|
None
|
|
It declared if the United States decided that its security required possession of the island, and Spain persisted in refusing to sell, then “by every law, human and Divine, we shall be justified in wresting it from Spain.” (1) pg. 110
|
Ostend Manifesto
|
None
|
|
Appointed himself commander in chief of the Nicaraguan army. (1) pg. 111
|
William Walker
|
|
|
Filibustered in Nicaragua and gained control of the government. (1) pg. 111
|
William Walker
|
|
|
New York transportation tycoon established the Accessory Transit Company to carry passengers and freight between New York and San Francisco via Nicaragua. (1) pg. 112
|
Cornelius Vanderbilt
|
|
|
Political group controlling Nicaragua government before William Walker took over. (1) pg. 112
|
"Legitimists"
|
|
|
Line between slavery and freedom in all territories “now held, or hereafter acquired”. (1) pg. 115
|
thirty six thirty
|
|
|
Organization made to promote a “golden circle” of slave states from the American South through Mexico and Central American to the rim of South America curving northward again through the West Indies to close the circle at Key West. (1) pg. 116
|
Knights of the Golden Circle
|
|
|
Wanted to control Cotton, Tobacco, Sugar, Coffee, Rice, Corn and Tea lands of the continent. (1) pg. 116
|
Knights of the Golden Circle
|
|
|
Mississippi Congressman who wanted to “plant American liberty with southern institutions upon every inch of American soil.” (1) pg. 116
|
L.Q.C. Lamar
|
|
|
Chapter four
|
|
|
|
In 1852 Seward favored the Whig nomination of ________. (1) pg. 117
|
Winfield Scott
|
|
|
Last time the Whigs contested the Presidency. (1) pg. 117
|
Election of 1852
|
|
|
His efforts to enforce the Fugitive slave law gained support of Southern Whigs. (1) pg. 117
|
President Millard Fillmore
|
|
|
His efforts to enforce the Fugitive slave law lost the support of antislavery Whigs. (1) pg. 117
|
President Millard Fillmore
|
|
|
Alexander Stephens and Robert Toombs led Southern Whigs who refused to _________. (1) pg. 118
|
back Winfield Scott
|
|
|
Radical element of the Democratic Party opposed to the extension of slavery. (1) pg. 60
|
Barnburners
|
|
|
Democratic Party's Presidential candidate in 1848. (4) pg. 244
|
Lewis Cass
|
|
|
Most famous supporter of Popular sovereignty on the slavery issue.
|
Stephen Douglas
|
|
|
Candidate supported by Southern Democrats in the election of 1852. (1) pg. 118
|
James Buchanan
|
|
|
Dark horse candidate elected President in 1852. (1) pg. 118
|
Franklin Pierce
|
|
|
Proslavery extremists in the South. (2)
|
Fire-eaters
|
|
|
Enforced the fugitive slave law vigorously and opened the rest of the Louisiana Purchase North of thirty six thirty to slavery. (1) pg. 119
|
Franklin Pierce
|
|
|
Fugitive slave returned to the South by Pierce's enforcement. Becomes a symbol. (1) pg. 119
|
Anthony Burns
|
|
|
Burned a copy of the Constitution after the Anthony Burns affair. (1) pg. 120
|
William Lloyd Garrison
|
|
|
statutes designed to prevent slave owners from reclaiming slaves who had escaped to the free states. (2)
|
Personal Liberty Laws
|
|
|
Escaped slave who killed her children rather than see them returned to slavery. Returned to the South instead of being tried in the North. (1) pg. 120
|
Margaret Garner
|
|
|
More important than even the fugitive slave law in arousing northern militancy. (1) pg. 121
|
Kansas-Nebraska Act
|
|
|
May have been the most important event in pushing the nation toward civil war. (1) pg. 121
|
Kansas-Nebraska Act
|
|
|
Kansas-Nebraska finished off the Whig party and gave birth to a new, entirely northern _______. (1) pg. 121
|
Republican Party
|
|
|
Above this line slavery had been excluded in the Louisiana purchase by the MO. compromise. (1) pg. 121
|
thirty six thirty
|
|
|
Had prohibited slavery in the territory which would become Kansas & Nebraska. (1) pg. 121
|
Missouri Compromise
|
|
|
Illinois Democrat champion of Young America's manifest destiny to expand westward. (1) pg. 121
|
Stephen Douglas
|
|
|
Powerful Senate bloc of four southerners who boarded together. (1) pg. 122
|
"F Street Mess"
|
|
|
The "F street Mess" made it clear to Stephen Douglas that if he wanted to organize the Nebraska territory he had to repeal the Missouri Compromise's ______________. (1) pg. 122
|
ban on slavery there
|
|
|
Established the Kansas and Nebraska territories and provided that they could decide for themselves on the issue of slavery. (4) pg. 702
|
Kansas-Nebraska Act
|
|
|
The Kansas-Nebraska acts popular sovereignty repealed the _______________. (1) pg. 123
|
Missouri Compromise
|
|
|
Primary author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. (1) pg. 123
|
Stephen Douglas
|
|
|
Endorse the repeal of the Missouri Compromise or lose the South. (1) pg. 123
|
Ultimatum to President Pierce
|
|
|
Became a test of Democratic party orthodoxy. (1) pg. 123
|
Kansas-Nebraska Act
|
|
|
Territories would vote themselves on whether or not to allow slavery.
|
Popular sovereignty
|
|
|
Disproportionate representation of the South in congress due to the counting of slaves who had no voting rights.
|
"Slave Power"
|
|
|
Meeting to oppose the repeal of the Missouri compromise and the potential for slavery to move into areas where it had been prohibited. (1) pg. 124
|
"anti-Nebraska" meetings
|
|
|
Had only dealt with territory gained from the Mexican war. (1) pg. 124
|
Compromise of 1850
|
|
|
Territory gained from the Mexican War. (1) pg. 124
|
Mexican cession
|
|
|
This territory was covered by the Missouri Compromise. (1) pg. 124
|
Louisiana Purchase
|
|
|
Argument that the Compromise of 1850 had superseded the Missouri Compromise's ban on slavery. (1) pg. 124
|
supersedence theory
|
|
|
Those whose greatest desire was to keep slavery out of the territories. (1) pg. 125
|
Free-soilers
|
|
|
Destroys the Whig Party. (1) pg. 125
|
Kansas-Nebraska Act
|
|
|
Democrats who opposed the repeal of the Missouri compromise's ban on slavery. (1) pg. 126
|
Anti-Nebraska Democrats
|
|
|
Emerged as one of the most prominent names for coalitions opposed to Kansas-Nebraska and Slave power. (1) pg. 126
|
Republican
|
|
|
Remained a Whig while campaigning for anti-Nebraska candidates in Illinois. (1) pg. 127
|
Abraham Lincoln
|
|
|
He believed the Constitution protected slavery where it already existed but in no way protected its expansion. (1) pg. 128
|
Abraham Lincoln
|
None
|
|
Lincoln believed its great moral wrong was that it opened territory which had been previously closed to slavery. (1) pg. 128
|
Kansas-Nebraska Act
|
None
|
|
Though Lincoln was not an abolitionist he did believe slavery was a cancer on the nation that must eventually be ___________. (1) pg. 129
|
cut out
|
|
|
Turned out to be a rebuke of the Democrats. (1) pg. 129
|
elections of 1854
|
|
|
Democrats who favored the Kansas-Nebraska act and popular sovereignty. (1) pg. 130
|
Douglas Democrats
|
|
|
Anti-immigrant sentiment. (2)
|
Nativism
|
|
|
Strong nativist movement in the U.S. in the 1850s. (2)
|
"The Know Nothing Fever"
|
|
|
In the mid 1840s it increased immigration into the U.S. (1) pg. 130
|
European potato blight
|
|
|
Those who opposed the anti-immigrant bias. (1) pg. 131
|
anti-nativist
|
|
|
Leader of the anti-nativists. (1) pg. 131
|
William H. Seward
|
|
|
Derogatory term for Irish Americans. (2)
|
"paddies"
|
|
|
Knocked a number of northern Whigs from the party. (1) pg. 131
|
ethnic hostilities
|
|
|
Most of the new arrivals to the U.S. in the 1850s were __________________. (1) pg. 130
|
Catholic peasants or laborers
|
|
|
Earlier Protestant immigrants from England, Scotland and especially Ulster brought their____. (1) pg. 131
|
Anti-Catholic sentiments
|
|
|
Northern Ireland. (4) pg. 1311
|
Ulster
|
|
|
Political extremists (2)
|
Radicals
|
|
|
Do not believe that one can know if there is a God or not. (2)
|
Agnostics
|
|
|
Fled from Germany after the suppression of the 1848 revolutions. (1) pg. 131
|
Forty-eighters
|
|
|
Liberal revolutions that spread across Europe in 1848. (1) pg. 131
|
1848 revolutions
|
|
|
Drives southern Whigs from the party. (1) pg. 131
|
Issue of Slavery
|
None
|
|
Drives northern Whigs from the party. (1) pg. 131
|
Ethnic hostility
|
|
|
Violent enemy of liberalism and social reform. Proclaimed the doctrine of papal infallibility and issued his Syllabus of Errors. (1) pg. 132
|
Pius IX
|
|
|
Pope's inability to make an error in that which he decrees.
|
Papal infallibility
|
|
|
The Pope's condemnation of socialism, public education & rationalism. (1) pg. 132
|
Syllabus of Errors
|
|
|
New York Archbishop that attacked abolitionists, Free Soilers, and various protestant reform movements as kin to the "Red Republicanism." (1) pg. 132
|
Archbishop Hughes
|
|
|
Political party in France at the time of the 1848 Revolutions which wanted to reorganize the state with an equal distribution of property (socialism). (2)
|
"Red Republicanism"
|
|
|
A Catholic plot to blow up Parliament and King James I, created anti-catholic hostility. (2)
|
Gunpowder plot
|
|
|
Contained accounts of the persecutions of Christians especially protestants by Catholics. (2)
|
Fox's Book of Martyrs
|
|
|
Folk memories of Bloody Mary, the Spanish Armada, the Gunpowder plot, the Glorious Revolution and Fox's Book of Martyrs were part of the Anglo-American _________. (1) pg. 132
|
Protestant Consciousness
|
|
|
First Plenary Council of American Bishops attacked the Godlessness of _______. (1) pg. 132
|
public education
|
|
|
Sought tax support for Catholic schools. (1) pg. 132
|
First Plenary Council of American Bishops
|
|
|
Sought to defend public schools against what they believed was a Catholic effort to unite Church and state. (1) pg. 133
|
"Free School" Tickets
|
|
|
The temperance movement also exacerbated ____________. (1) pg. 134
|
ethnic tensions.
|
|
|
Changed from a movement for self denial among protestant to a coercive movement aimed at Irish and German immigrants. (1) pg. 134
|
temperance movement
|
|
|
Resulted in the first state to prohibit the consumption of alcohol. (1) pg. 134
|
"Maine law"
|
|
|
Debates over prohibition. (1) pg. 134
|
"Maine Law" debates
|
|
|
The temperance movement encouraged _________. (1) pg. 134
|
Nativism
|
|
|
Anti-Nebraska, anti-liquor, anti-Catholic, and anti-immigrant sentiments put great pressure on the _____. (1) pg. 135
|
two party system
|
|
|
Order of United Americans and the Order of the Star Spangled Banner were secret fraternal societies that restricted membership to _______. (1) pg. 135
|
native-born protestants
|
|
|
The Order of United Americans and the Order of the Star Spangled Banner merged in 1852 under the leadership of ____________. (1) pg. 135
|
James Barker
|
|
|
He organized hundreds of nativist lodges all over the country. (1) pg. 135
|
James Barker
|
None
|
|
Members of James Barker's Order were pledged to vote for no one except _________. (1) pg. 135
|
Native-born protestants
|
|
|
Because when they were asked about their order by outsiders they were to reply "I know Nothing," these secret nativist orders became known as ________. (1) pg. 135
|
"Know Nothings"
|
|
|
The antislavery movement, the temperance movement, and nativism all grew from the culture of____________. (1) pg. 137
|
evangelical Protestantism
|
|
|
Some free soilers saw Catholicism and slavery alike as _______________. (1) pg. 137
|
repressive institutions.
|
|
|
Conservative proslavery wing of the Democratic Party. (1) pg. 137
|
"Hunkers"
|
|
|
Because they were competing with free blacks at the bottom of the social order they were intensely anti-Negro. (1) pg. 137
|
Irish Americans
|
|
|
Free soilers saw the issues in the 1854 elections as "Freedom, temperance, and Protestantism against __________." (1) pg. 137
|
slavery, rum and Romanism
|
|
|
Many antislavery leaders did recognize the incongruity of nativism with their own ______. (1) pg. 137
|
ideology
|
|
|
Some believed disfranchising the Irish and the Germans resulted in _________ . (1) pg. 138
|
Northern Slavery
|
None
|
|
He used the support of Know Nothings to get elected but did not help their cause. (1) pg. 139
|
Henry Wilson
|
|
|
Political arm of the Know Nothings. (1) pg. 140
|
American Party
|
|
|
In about half of the Northern states in 1855 the Republican party became the second major party, in the other half the _______________. (1) pg. 140
|
American Party prevailed
|
|
|
In Baltimore Plug Uglies and Blood Tubs were gangs that became enforcers of Know-Nothing domination at the ______________. (1) pg. 141
|
Ballot box
|
|
|
Split the Know Nothings along sectional lines. (1) pg. 141
|
slavery
|
|
|
Henry Wilson led a bolt from the American Party when southerners and northern conservatives passed a plank endorsing the __________. (1) pg. 141
|
Kansas-Nebraska Act
|
|
|
The Republican party wanted to receive the antislavery Know Nothings if they could do so without sanctioning ________. (1) pg. 141
|
Nativism
|
None
|
|
Abraham Lincoln saw the claim of loving liberty while at the same time supporting a slavery and anti-catholic, anti foreigner ideology as _________. (1) pg. 141
|
hypocrisy
|
|
|
Lincoln realized that without the support of the know nothings he could not combat the ____. (1) pg. 141
|
Nebraska democracy
|
|
|
Salmon P. Chase was willing to support Anti-Catholicism without alienating the ___________. (1) pg. 142
|
Protestant immigrants
|
|
|
Chase was particularly concerned about maintaining the _________. (1) pg. 142
|
German vote
|
|
|
Shading toward anti-Romanism but away from generalized nativism helped the Republicans to absorb some Know Nothings without believing they were _______. (1) pg. 142
|
sacrificing principle
|
|
|
Democrats projected all "Black Republicans" as supporters of _____. (1) pg. 143
|
Negro equality
|
|
|
Ohio Democrats name for Salmon Chase's candidacy for governor. (1) pg. 143
|
"Sambo's State Ticket"
|
|
|
Northern democrats believed that the Republican policy of limiting the expansion of slavery would ultimately lead to a program of _________. (1) pg. 143
|
emancipation
|
|
|
Republicans came to power in Ohio with the support of Know Nothings but without making promises to ________. (1) pg. 143
|
nativists
|
|
|
Became speaker of the house in 1856, after the house changed its rules to allow for a plurality victory. (1) pg. 144
|
Nathaniel P. Banks
|
|
|
Banks election as the Speaker of the House marked the ___________. (1) pg. 144
|
Birth of the Republican Party
|
|
|
The main reason the Republicans were able to become the North's majority party over the Know Nothings was ___________. (1) pg. 144
|
Bleeding Kansas
|
|
|
Convinced most Northerners that slave power was a greater threat to republican liberty than the pope. (event) (1) pg. 144
|
Bleeding Kansas
|
None
|
|
Chapter Five
|
|
|
|
After losing the battle in Congress for a free Kansas, said, “We will engage in competition for the virgin soil of Kansas, and God give the victory to the side which is stronger in numbers as it is in right”. (1) pg. 145
|
William H. Seward
|
|
|
Chief financial banker of the New England Emigrant Aid Company. (1) pg. 145
|
Amos Lawrence
|
|
|
He provided aid to farmers from Midwestern states who began to trickle into Kansas. (1) pg. 145
|
Amos Lawrence
|
None
|
|
Missouri Senator who said, “The game must be played boldly…If we win we carry slavery to the Pacific Ocean, if we fail we lose Missouri, Arkansas Texas and all the territories." (1) pg. 146
|
David Atchison
|
|
|
Lank, unshaven, unwashed, hard-drinking Missourians had little material interest slavery but even less love for “those long-faced sanctimonious Yankees”. (1) pg. 146
|
Pukes
|
None
|
|
Pukes were given their name by _____________. (1) pg. 146
|
Northern born settlers
|
|
|
Governor of Kansas at the beginning of the crisis. (1) pg.147
|
Governor Reeder
|
|
|
Governor Reeder started out _____________. (1) pg. 147
|
Sympathetic toward slavery
|
|
|
Legislation that imposed a fine and imprisonment for expressing opinions against slavery, authorized the death penalty for encouraging slave revolts or helping slaves to escape. (1) pg. 147
|
slave code
|
|
|
People living in Kansas who wanted to keep Kansas as a free state. (1) pg. 147
|
free-soil Kansans
|
|
|
A term to explain the conflict that was happening with Kansas over whether it should be admitted to the Union as a free or slave state. (1) pg. 149
|
bleeding Kansas
|
|
|
A posse of 800 men poured into Lawrence, KA and demolished its two newspaper offices, burned the hotel and the home of the elected free-soil governor, and plundered shops and houses. (1) pg. 149
|
"Sack of Lawrence"
|
|
|
Massachusetts' senator who gave a passionate speech about the situation in Kansas, calling out specific people for their attacks in Lawrence. (1) pg. 149
|
Charles Sumner
|
None
|
|
Congressman who beat Charles Sumner over the head with a gold-headed cane because of his dislike for the speech Sumner had given. (1) pg. 150
|
Preston Brooks
|
|
|
Abolitionist led raids in Kansas. (1) pg. 152
|
John Brown
|
None
|
|
Felt the abolitionists in Kansas must "fight fire with fire". (1) pg. 152
|
John Brown
|
|
|
Abducted five proslavery settlers and split open their skulls with broadswords as retaliation for the pillaging of Lawrence by proslavery attackers. (1) pg. 152
|
John Brown
|
|
|
John Brown's killing of proslavery settlers. (1) pg. 153
|
Pottawatomie massacre
|
|
|
The Civil War in Kansas shaped the context of this election. (1) pg. 153
|
Presidential Election of 1856
|
|
|
North second major party. (1) pg. 153
|
Republicans
|
|
|
American Party candidate for president. (1) pg. 154
|
Millard Fillmore
|
|
|
Received the nomination as the North American party presidential candidate. (1) pg. 154
|
Nathaniel Banks
|
|
|
Was to lengthen the waiting period of naturalization to twenty-one years. (1) pg. 155
|
Know-Nothing Plan
|
None
|
|
Won the nomination for presidential candidate for the Republican party in 1856. (1) pg. 155
|
John C. Fremont
|
None
|
|
It endorsed popular sovereignty and condemned the Republicans as a "sectional party". (1) pg. 157
|
Democratic platform
|
None
|
|
State's rights, a government of limited powers, no federal aid to internal improvements; no national bank. (1) pg. 157
|
Democratic platform
|
|
|
They intended to "turn loose… millions of negroes, to elbow you in the workshops, and compete with you in the fields of honest labor, according to Democrats." (1) pg.159
|
Black Republicans
|
None
|
|
Declared that Fremont's election "will prevent the establishment of Slavery in Kansas, overthrow Slave Rule in the Republic… and put the mark of national condemnation on Slavery." (1) pg. 160
|
Frederick Douglass
|
|
|
Prominent black leader. (1) pg. 160
|
Frederick Douglass
|
|
|
It would ensure "for our country a government of the people, instead of a government by an oligarchy; a government maintaining before the world the rights of men rather than the privileges of masters." (1) pg.160
|
Republican victory
|
None
|
|
Governor of Kansas who temporarily stopped the bleeding in Kansas. (1) pg. 161
|
John W. Geary
|
|
|
Governor of bleeding Kansas supported by the Democratic party. (1) pg. 161
|
John W. Geary
|
None
|
|
Kansas Governor, after Geary, appointed by President Buchanan. (1) pg. 163
|
Robert J. Walker
|
|
|
A slavery clause that was a mandated referendum in Kansas, as a result of the Democratic control of Congress. (1) pg.165
|
Constitution with Slavery
|
None
|
|
A slavery clause that was a mandated referendum (for Kansas) as a result of the Democratic control of Congress. (1) pg. 165
|
Constitution with no Slavery
|
None
|
|
Specified that, while "Slavery shall no longer exist" in Kansas, "the right of property in slaves now in this Territory shall in no manner be interfered with." (1) pg. 165
|
Constitution with no Slavery
|
|
|
Free-soilers term for the mandated referendum on the slavery clause. (1) pg. 165
|
"The Great Swindle"
|
|
|
Free-soilers saw the choice over the two proposed constitutions for Kansas as a "Heads you win, Tails I lose" proposition. (1) pg. 165
|
"The Great Swindle"
|
None
|
|
Chapter Six
|
|
|
|
Sued for his freedom in 1846 on the grounds of prolonged residence in free state and a free territory. (1) pg. 170
|
Dred Scott
|
|
|
Dred Scott first lost his suit and then won it on appeal in St. Louis county court but this decision was over turned by the _______. (1) pg. 170
|
Missouri Supreme Court
|
|
|
After the circuit court for Missouri upheld the denial of Dred Scott's freedom his lawyer's appealed to the __________. (1) pg. 171
|
U.S. Supreme Court
|
|
|
In 1856 the U.S. Supreme Court had a ___________ majority. (1) pg. 171
|
southern
|
|
|
The first question before the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott Case was as a black man was Scott a ________. (1) pg. 171
|
Citizen
|
|
|
If Scott was not a citizen he had no right to _______. (1) pg. 171
|
sue in federal court
|
|
|
The second question in the Dred Scott case was did Scott's prolonged residence in a free state and territory make him _________. (1) pg. 171
|
free
|
|
|
The third question of the Dred Scott case was did congress have the right to ban slavery in the ____. (1) pg. 171
|
territories
|
|
|
Many in Washington believed the issue of slavery in the territories would be settled by ________. (1) pg. 172
|
"judicial statesmanship"
|
None
|
|
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during the Dred Scott Case. (1) pg. 172
|
Roger B. Taney
|
|
|
Southern justices wanted at least one of the two northern justices to support their decision in the _____. (1) pg. 172
|
Dred Scott case
|
|
|
Used improper influence to get a Northern justice to support the Dred Scott decision. (1) pg. 173
|
President Buchanan
|
|
|
Justice Taney wanted to defend the South against ___________. (1) pg. 173
|
Black Republicanism
|
|
|
Justice Taney had actually freed his _______. (1) pg. 173
|
own slaves
|
|
|
Taney wanted to defend the Southern way of life which he believed was dependent upon ___. (1) pg. 173
|
slavery
|
|
|
Taney argued that Negros were not citizens because they had not been part of the "sovereign people" who made the ________. (1) pg. 174
|
constitution
|
|
|
Taney used the founding father's _____________ to verify that they did not intend for blacks to be citizens or have rights. (1) pg. 174
|
ownership of slaves
|
|
|
Justices John McLean and Benjamin Curtis wrote the ________ in the Dred Scott Case. (1) pg. 175
|
dissenting opinions
|
|
|
The Taney Supreme Court ruled that blacks were not ________. (1) pg. 174
|
citizens
|
|
|
Having established that blacks were not citizens Taney could have ______. (1) pg. 175
|
refused jurisdiction
|
|
|
The Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott's time in free territory did not make him _____. (1) pg. 175
|
free
|
|
|
In the Dred Scott Case the Court ruled that Slaves were not different from any other property and therefore a ban on slavery was an unconstitutional __________. (1) pg. 176
|
deprivation of property
|
|
|
According to Taney because Congress could not ban slavery, it could not authorize a territorial government to do so. This ruling was intended to kill __________. (1) pg. 176
|
popular sovereignty
|
|
|
The Dred Scott ruling made the Missouri compromise ____________. (1) pg. 176
|
unconstitutional
|
|
|
Northern Democrats believed that the Dred Scott Decision was the death blow of _____. (1) pg. 176
|
Black Republicanism
|
|
|
Justified Republican refusal to recognize the Dred Scott ruling as binding precedent. (1) pg. 177
|
The Dictum theory
|
|
|
The belief that the Dred Scott decision was a dictum entitled to no moral weight. (1) pg. 177
|
The Dictum theory
|
None
|
|
Slavery cannot exist a day in the midst of an unfriendly people with unfriendly laws. (1) pg. 178
|
Freeport doctrine
|
|
|
Douglas' attempt to defend popular sovereignty in spite of the Dred Scott decision. (1) pg. 178
|
Freeport doctrine
|
|
|
Taney hoped the Dred Scott decision would cripple the ________. (1) pg. 178
|
Republican Party
|
|
|
The Dred Scott decision actually strengthened the Republican party by further _______. (1) pg. 178
|
splitting the democratic party
|
|
|
Lincoln warned that in the context of Dred Scott slavery might become ____. (1) pg. 181
|
lawful everywhere
|
|
|
Sole topic of the Lincoln Douglas debates. (1) pg. 182
|
slavery
|
|
|
Southern demand for a territorial slave code (federal protection of slavery in the territories) split the _____. (1) pg. 184
|
Democratic party
|
|
|
To counter Douglas' accusation that he favored racial equality Lincoln said that he believed that "a physical difference between the races will for ever forbid the two races from living together on terms of ______." (1) pg. 185
|
social and political equality
|
|
|
The Lincoln Douglas debates clarified the differences between _________. (1) pg. 188
|
northern Democrats and Republicans
|
|
|
Lecompton and Dred Scott "Slave Power" victories produced a _____. (1) pg. 188
|
backlash
|
|
|
With the disappearance of the American Party most nativist joined the Republicans because they perceived the democrats as the party of _______. (1) pg. 188
|
Romanism
|
None
|
|
Ended a period of prosperity and speculation that had followed the Mexican War and the discovery of gold in California in the 1840s. (2)
|
Panic of 1857
|
|
|
The Panic of 1857 resulted in the _______. (1) pg. 189
|
Depression of 1857-58
|
|
|
Defending slavery on the basis that you need an oppressed class upon which other classes can rest. (1) pg. 195
|
mudsill theme
|
|
|
The lowest block or base of a structure. (2)
|
mudsill
|
|
|
The fear of "nigger equality" caused the northern working class to abhor _______. (1) pg. 200
|
Republicans
|
|
|
In 1859 another struggle in the house over the speaker demonstrated the weakness of the ____. (1) pg. 200
|
Union
|
|
|
The contest over the Speaker of the House in 1859 opened just three days after _______. (1) pg. 201
|
John Brown was hanged
|
|
|
Chapter 7
|
|
|
|
Planned to strike against slavery in its heartland. (1) pg. 202
|
John Brown
|
|
|
Studied books on guerrilla warfare. (1) pg. 202
|
John Brown
|
|
|
He was fascinated by the ability of small bands to hold off larger forces in mountainous terrain. (1) pg. 202
|
John Brown
|
None
|
|
Adopted by a group of 34 blacks and John Brown's group to form a republic of liberated slaves. (1) pg. 202
|
Provisional Constitution
|
|
|
Most abolitionists committed to fighting the conflict over slavery with _________. (1) pg. 203
|
nonviolent acts
|
None
|
|
Discredited nonviolence. (1) pg. 203
|
Fugitive slave law
|
|
|
He changed philosophy of pacifism to "forcible resistance" after the passing of the Fugitive slave law. (1) pg. 203
|
Frederick Douglass
|
None
|
|
Six men of means and standing that supported John Brown's scheme to invade the South. (1) pg. 204
|
"Secret Six"
|
|
|
Region where John Brown had planned to invade the South. (1) pg. 205
|
Southern Appalachians
|
|
|
In Virginia, had a U.S. armory and arsenal which John Brown planned to seize. (1) pg. 205
|
Harper's Ferry
|
None
|
|
Harper's Ferry is situated on a peninsula formed by the confluence of these rivers. (1) pg. 205
|
Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers
|
|
|
Wrote by John Brown in the past tense as if his raid had already failed. (1) pg. 205
|
"Vindication of the Invasion"
|
|
|
Investigating committee chaired by James Mason to investigate John Browns raid on Harper's Ferry. (1) pg. 207
|
Mason Committee
|
|
|
An antislavery paper that characterized the raids as "one of the rashest and maddest enterprises ever". (1) pg. 208
|
Worcester Spy
|
|
|
A clergy man declared that Brown made this word "holy in the American language." (1) pg. 210
|
treason
|
|
|
Organized large anti-Brown meetings. (1) pg. 211
|
Northern conservatives
|
|
|
Wanted to reassure the South that sympathy for Brown was confined to a noisy minority. (1) pg. 211
|
Northern conservatives
|
|
|
Said, "Even though Brown agreed with us in thinking slavery wrong, that cannot excuse violence, bloodshed, and treason". (1) pg. 212
|
Abraham Lincoln
|
|
|
Asked the question, "Why have not the conservative men at the North frowned down the infamous black-republican party?". (1) pg. 212 (publication)
|
De Bow's Review
|
None
|
|
Instructed its delegates to walk out of the national convention if the party refused to adopt a platform pledging a federal slave code. (1) pg. 214
|
Alabama Democratic convention
|
|
|
A court decision would not enforce itself. (1) pg. 214
|
Freeport doctrine
|
|
|
Southerners who were ready to separate themselves from the union. (1) pg. 216
|
Bolters
|
|
|
Nominated for president on a slave-code platform by the newly formed bolters convention. (1) pg. 216
|
John C. Breckinridge
|
|
|
Lincoln's speech about the state of affairs in the U.S.
|
House-divided speech
|
|
|
Large hall built for the Republican convention, filled with huge, enthusiastic crowds of Illinoisans. (1) pg. 218
|
Wigwam
|
|
|
It pledged support for a homestead act, rivers and harbors improvements, and federal aid for construction of a transcontinental railroad. (1) pg. 220
|
The Republican Platform of 1860
|
None
|
|
Whig party of 1860. (1) pg. 221
|
Constitutional Union party
|
|
|
Felt it was best to take no stand at all on the issues that divided North and South. (1) pg. 221
|
Constitutional Union party
|
|
|
"To recognize no political principle other than the Constitution… the Union… and the Enforcement of the Laws." (1) pg. 221
|
Constitutional Union party
|
|
|
A term for the Constitutional Union party that had few delegates under sixty years of age. (1) pg. 221
|
Old Gentlemen's Party
|
|
|
Would give equal rights to blacks upon freedom from slavery. (1) pg. 224
|
Equal Suffrage amendment
|
None
|
|
Was not passed partially because Republicans played down the moral issue of slavery. (1) pg. 224
|
Equal suffrage amendment
|
|
|
A view of the Republican party held by some because they thought that exclusion of slavery from the territories meant exclusion of black competition with white settlers. (1) pg. 227
|
White Man's Party
|
None
|
|
Believed that "the Republican party means to do nothing, can do nothing, for the abolition of slavery in the slave states." (1) pg. 227
|
William Lloyd Garrison
|
|
|
Moderate from Georgia insisted that, "this Government and Black Republicanism cannot live together…". (1) pg. 229
|
Benjamin H. Hill
|
|
|
Chapter 8
|
|
|
|
Organized itself, drafted a constitution and was functioning within three months of Lincoln's election. (1) pg. 234
|
Confederate States of America
|
|
|
Secession proceeded on a ____________. (1) pg. 234
|
state by state basis
|
|
|
First state to secede. (1) pg. 234
|
South Carolina
|
|
|
As fire-eaters hoped South Carolina's secession triggered a ________. (1) pg. 235
|
chain reaction
|
|
|
With the exception of Texas state conventions did not submit their ordinances of secession to the ___________. (1) pg. 235
|
voters for ratification
|
|
|
The majority of lower South states favored the domino tactic of individual __________. (1) pg. 235
|
state secession
|
|
|
Minority in the lower South who wanted some sort of cooperative action preceding secession. (1) pg. 235
|
"cooperationists"
|
|
|
Group that wanted a joint action to ensure unity among the Cotton South states. (1) pg. 235
|
"cooperationists"
|
None
|
|
Cooperative secessionist were as adamant about secession as _________. (1) pg. 237
|
immediate secessionists
|
|
|
Wanted to draw up a list of demands for the incoming President Lincoln including strict enforcement of the fugitive slave law and protection of slavery in the territories. (1) pg. 237
|
"ultimatumists"
|
|
|
Were in the middle of the cooperationist spectrum. (1) pg. 237
|
"ultimatumists"
|
|
|
Most conservative of the cooperationists were the _________. (1) pg. 237
|
conditional unionists
|
|
|
Conditional unionists wanted to give ____________. (1) pg. 237
|
Lincoln a chance
|
|
|
Believed the South should only secede if the Republicans resort to an "overt act" against southern rights. (1) pg. 237
|
conditional unionists
|
|
|
Many southerners did not expect a war they believed "the Yankees were cowards and _____." (1) pg. 238
|
would not fight
|
|
|
Southerners believed little blood would be shed in ______. (1) pg. 238
|
secession
|
|
|
Cooperationists wanted cooperation before secession but were willing to accept cooperation __________. (1) pg. 239
|
after secession
|
|
|
Most secessionists believed secession was legal others believed it was an act of ____. (1) pg. 240
|
revolution
|
|
|
Secessionists who believed secession to be legal did not believe the states had yielded the fundamental attributes of sovereignty to the ____________. (1) pg. 240
|
federal government
|
|
|
Secessionists who believed secession to be illegal still believed that they had the ______. (1) pg. 240
|
right of revolution
|
|
|
The right of Revolution exists when a person has been denied their basic ______. (1) pg. 240
|
rights
|
|
|
Those who defended secession on the right of revolution were mostly ______. (1) pg. 240
|
conditional unionists
|
|
|
Threatened republican freedoms as the South perceived them. (1) pg. 241
|
Black Republican rule in Washington
|
|
|
At the secession conventions those who supported delay or cooperation owned (on average) _______. (1) pg. 242
|
fewer slaves
|
|
|
Cooperationism did not necessarily mean ________. (1) pg. 242
|
unionism
|
|
|
The partial correlation of cooperationism and low slaveholding caused concern among ___. (1) pg. 242
|
secessionists
|
|
|
To assure the support of non-slaveholders secessionists worked to convince them that they had a stake in ___________. (1) pg. 243
|
disunion
|
None
|
|
Non-slaveholders were told that what was at stake was _______. (1) pg. 243
|
white supremacy
|
|
|
Black Republicans were said to support racial equality and _______. (1) pg. 243
|
amalgamation
|
|
|
Most southern whites believed it was not possible without slavery. (1) pg. 244
|
freedom
|
|
|
According to Jefferson Davis the South left the Union to save itself from ________. (1) pg. 245
|
revolution
|
|
|
Jefferson Davis and others believed that the "Black Republicans" represented a revolution which threatened their very ___________. (1) pg. 245
|
way of life
|
|
|
Immediate secessionists believed they were enacting a _____________. (1) pg. 245
|
pre-emptive counterrevolution
|
|
|
Unionists believed in the Domino effect also. If the south was allowed to secede any _____. (1) pg. 246
|
state could secede for any reason
|
|
|
Lincoln believed that maintaining the union was necessary to prove that popular government was not an ________. (1) pg. 248
|
absurdity
|
|
|
Some Republicans even abolitionists wanted to let the ____________. (1) pg. 251
|
South go
|
|
|
It faded as it became clear that there would be no compromise. (1) pg. 252
|
Go-in-peace sentiment
|
|
|
unsuccessful last-minute effort to avert the Civil War. (1) pg. 252
|
Crittenden Compromise
|
|
|
Basically would have kept the boundary between slave and free where it had been and would extend it all the way to California. It would also include a fugitive slave law. (1) pg. 252
|
Crittenden Compromise
|
|
|
The event that triggered disunion was Lincoln's election by a __________. (1) pg. 254
|
solid North
|
None
|
|
By February of 1861 the main goal of compromise was keep the ________. (1) pg. 254
|
upper south in the union
|
|
|
The upper South would remain in the union as long as there was no attempt to _______. (1) pg. 255
|
coerce the South
|
|
|
Even Lincoln favored conciliation as long as it did not include the ___________. (1) pg. 255
|
extension of slavery
|
|
|
Much of the Confederate Constitution was copied from the ________. (1) pg. 257
|
U.S. Constitution
|
|
|
Both sides courted the ________. (1) pg. 259
|
upper south
|
|
|
President of the Confederacy. (1) pg. 259
|
Jefferson Davis
|
|
|
Jefferson Davis was Democrat and a secessionist but was not a _____. (1) pg. 259
|
fire-eater
|
|
|
Vice President of the Confederacy. (1) pg. 259
|
Alexander Stephens
|
|
|
Hope that the South would return on its own. (1) pg. 261
|
voluntary reconstruction
|
|
|
Theme of President Lincoln's inaugural address. (1) pg. 262
|
preservation of the union
|
|
|
Lincoln's continued pledge not to interfere with slavery where it exists. (1) pg. 262
|
Lincoln's olive branch
|
|
|
Became a symbol of national sovereignty. (1) pg. 263
|
Fort Sumter
|
|
|
Commander of Fort Sumter. (1) pg. 264
|
Major Robert Anderson
|
|
|
When Lincoln came to the White house he received a request for supplies from _____ (person). (1) pg. 264
|
Major Robert Anderson
|
None
|
|
The majority of Lincoln's advisors advised him to evacuate ________. (1) pg. 268
|
Fort Sumter
|
|
|
Lincoln faced the dilemma of reinforcing and losing more states or not reinforcing and losing the ______. (1) pg. 269
|
seceded states
|
|
|
The Confederacies chances of survival depended largely on gaining the _________. (1) pg. 273
|
upper south
|
|
|
By deciding to supply Fort Sumter with provisions only Lincoln put the ball in _____. (1) pg. 273
|
Davis's court
|
|
|
Davis ordered Beauregard to ____________. (1) pg. 273
|
reduce Fort Sumter
|
|
|
The news of the attack of Fort Sumter _______. (1) pg. 274
|
galvanized the North.
|
|
|
Anderson surrendered Fort Sumter on. (1) pg. 274
|
April fourteenth
|
|
|
On April 15 Lincoln issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 militia men into ______. (1) pg. 274
|
national service
|
|
|
Northern Democrats led by Stephen Douglas (after Sumter) _____. (1) pg. 274
|
supported the war
|
|
|
Died a month after giving a unity speech in favor of the war. (1) pg. 274
|
Stephen Douglas
|
|
|
Chapter 9
|
|
|
|
The 1860 presidential candidate of the Constitutional Union party from whom many moderates in the upper South took their cue. (1) pg. 277
|
John Bell
|
|
|
He supported a "united South" in "the unnecessary, aggressive, aggressive, cruel, unjust wanton war which is being forced upon us" by Lincoln's mobilization of militia. (1) pg. 277
|
John Bell
|
None
|
|
An ad hoc assembly in Virginia in addition to The Virginia convention that supported secession. (1) pg. 279
|
Spontaneous Southern Rights Convention
|
|
|
Announced in a fiery speech that the Virginia militia were at that instant seizing the federal armory at Harper’s Ferry and preparing to seize the Gosport navy yard near Norfolk. (1) pg. 279
|
Henry Wise
|
|
|
Forty-gun steam frigate boat. (1) pg. 279
|
Merrimack
|
|
|
Stationed at Gosport Navy yard. (1) pg. 279
|
Merrimack
|
|
|
Commanded the eight hundred sailors and marines stationed at Gosport. (1) pg. 279
|
Charles McCauley
|
|
|
Ordered all facilities at the yard burned, the cannon spiked, the ships scuttled in order to prevent the Southerners from taking them. (1) pg. 279
|
Charles McCauley
|
|
|
Confederate general who was initially against secession. (1) pg. 280
|
Robert E. Lee
|
None
|
|
Confederate General that did not support slavery. (1) pg. 280
|
Robert E. Lee
|
None
|
|
Fought for the South because of his loyalty to his home state of Virginia. (1) pg. 280
|
Robert E. Lee
|
|
|
Tennessee short-circuited the convention process by adopting this and submitting it to a referendum in order to achieve secession from the Union. (1) pg. 283
|
"Declaration of Independence"
|
|
|
fully equipped unit to respond to Lincoln’s call for troops. (1) pg. 285
|
6th Massachusetts Regiment
|
|
|
It was mobbed in Baltimore and the conflict brought about the first combat casualties during the Civil War. (1) pg. 285
|
6th Massachusetts Regiment
|
None
|
|
Place of imprisonment for suspected secessionists in Baltimore. (1) pg. 287
|
Fort McHenry
|
|
|
It brought up the question of suspension of writ of habeas corpus. (1) pg. 288
|
Merryman case
|
None
|
|
First major battle of Civil War; Confederate victory. (1) pg. 289
|
First Battle of Manassas
(First Battle of Bull Run) |
None
|
|
Place where 700 militiamen and their artillery were captured by Unionists. (1) pg. 291
|
Camp Jackson
|
|
|
It placed the state of Missouri on a war footing. (1) pg. 291
|
Governor Jackson's bills
|
None
|
|
Converted from unionist to secessionist. (1) pg. 291
|
Sterling Price
|
|
|
Commander of the soldiers stationed at the U.S. arsenal in St. Louis. (1) pg. 291
|
Captain Nathaniel Lyon
|
|
|
North’s first war hero. (1) pg. 291
|
Captain Nathaniel Lyon
|
|
|
Kentuckian who three times devised historic sectional compromises between the North and the South. (1) pg. 293
|
Henry Clay
|
|
|
Union commander. (1) pg. 294
|
Ulysses S. Grant
|
|
|
In Kentucky more than anywhere else; brothers were fighting against brothers. (1) pg. 297
|
Brother's War
|
|
|
Part of the U.S. Constitution which requires the consent of the legislature to form a new state from the territory of an existing one. (1) pg. 298
|
Article IV, Section 3
|
|
|
Attitude McClellan exhibited in West Virginia. (1) pg. 300
|
Napoleonic complex
|
|
|
McClellan felt he was the savior for his troops and that he was invincible. (1) pg. 300
|
Napoleonic complex
|
|
|
10,000 wet, sick, hungry confederate soldiers confronted 3,000 Union troops a few miles south of the Rich Mountain pass. (1) pg. 302
|
Huntersville
|
|
|
General Lee disappointed the Southerners with a complicated plan for convergence of five separate columns against two Union positions is wet muddy weather. (1) pg. 302
|
Huntersville
|
|
|
Became a state of the Union on June 20, 1863. (1) pg. 304
|
West Virginia
|
|
|
Commander of Union forces in Kentucky. (1) pg. 305
|
William Tecumseh Sherman
|
|