Mcbc 2010 - Chapter 23: Microbiology By Jacquelyn G. Black 6Th Edition

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anthrax

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A zoonosis caused by Bacillus anthracis that exists in cutaneous, respiratory (“woolsorters disease”), or intestinal forms; transmitted by endospores

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aplastic crisis

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A period during which erythrocyte production ceases

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babesiosis

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A protozoan disease caused by the apicomplexan Babesia microti and other species of Babesia

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bacillary angiomatosis

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A disease of the small blood vessels of the skin and internal organs caused by the rickettsial organism Bartonella hensalae

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bacterial endocarditis

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(also called infective endocarditis) A life-threatening infection and inflammation of the lining and valves of the heart

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bartonellosis

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Rickettsial disease, caused by Bartonella bacilliformis, that occurs in two forms (see also Oroya fever and verruga)

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blackwater fever

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Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum that results in jaundice and kidney damage

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Bolivian hemorrhagic fever

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A multisystem disease caused by an arenavirus with insidious onset and progressive effects

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Brill-Zinsser disease

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(also called recrudescent typhus) A recurrence of an epidemic typhus infection caused by reactivation of latent organisms harbored in the lymph nodes

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brucellosis

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(also called undulant fever and Malta fever) A zoonosis highly infective for humans, caused by any of several species of Brucella

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bubo

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Enlargement of infected lymph nodes, especially in the groin and armpit, due to accumulation of pus; characteristic of bubonic plague and other diseases

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bubonic plague

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A bacterial disease, caused by Yersinia pestis and transmitted by flea bites, that spreads in the blood and lymphatic system

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Burkitt’s lymphoma

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A tumor of the jaw, seen mainly in African children; caused by the Epstein-Barr virus

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canine parvovirus

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A parvovirus that causes severe disease in dogs

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capillary

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A blood vessel that branches from an arteriole

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cardiovascular system

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Body system that supplies oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body and removes carbon dioxide and other wastes from them

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Chagas’ disease

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Disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi that occurs in the southern United States and is endemic to Mexico; transmitted by several kinds of reduviid bugs

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chronic fatigue syndrome

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(previously called chronic EBV syndrome) Disease of uncertain origin similar to mononucleosis with symptoms including persistent fatigue and fever

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Colorado tick fever

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Disease caused by an orbivirus carried by dog ticks, characterized by headache, backache, and fever

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

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A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of the human brain caused by prions

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dengue fever

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(also called breakbone fever) Viral systemic disease that causes severe bone and joint pain

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ehrlichiosis

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A tick-borne disease found in dogs and humans and caused by Ehrlichia canis and E. chaeffeensis

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electrolyte

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A substance that is ionizable in solution

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elephantiasis

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Gross enlargement of limbs, scrotum, and sometimes other body parts from accumulation of fluid due to blockage of lymph ducts by the helminth Wuchereria bancrofti

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endemic relapsing fever

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Tick-borne cases of relapsing fever caused by several species of Borrelia

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endemic typhus

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(also called murine typhus) A flea-borne typhus caused by Rickettsia typhi

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epidemic relapsing fever

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Louseborne cases of relapsing fever caused by several species of Borrelia

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epidemic typhus

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(also called classic, European, or louseborne typhus) Louseborne rickettsial disease caused by Rickettsia prowazekii, seen most frequently in conditions of overcrowding and poor sanitation

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

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Virus that causes infectious mononucleosis and Burkitt’s lymphoma

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feline panleukopenia virus (FPV)

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A parvovirus that causes severe disease in cats

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Fifth disease

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(also called erythema infectiosum) A normal disease in children caused by the Erythrovirus called B19; characterized by a bright red rash on the cheeks and a low-grade fever

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filariasis

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Disease of the blood and lymph caused by any of several different roundworms carried by mosquitos

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infectious mononucleosis

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An acute disease that affects many systems, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus

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ischemia

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Reduced blood flow to tissues with oxygen and nutrient deficiency and waste accumulation

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kala azar

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Visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani

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Lassa fever

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Hemorrhagic fever, caused by arenaviruses, that begins with pharyngeal lesions and proceeds to severe liver damage

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leishmaniasis

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A parasitic systemic disease caused by three species of protozoa of the genus Leishmania and transmitted by sandflies

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Lyme disease

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Disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, carried by the deer tick

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lymphangitis

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Symptom of septicemia in which red streaks due to inflamed lymphatics appear beneath the skin

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malaria

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A severe parasitic disease caused by several species of the protozoan Plasmodium and transmitted by mosquitos

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multiple-tube fermentation method

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Threestep method of testing for coliform bacteria in drinking water

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myocarditis

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An inflammation of the heart muscle

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nitrogen cycle

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Process by which nitrogen moves from the atmosphere through various organisms and back into the atmosphere

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nitrogenase

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Enzyme in nitrogen-fixing bacteroids that catalyzes the reaction of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas to form ammonia

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orbivirus

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Type of virus that causes Colorado tick fever

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Oroya fever

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(also called Carrion’s disease) One form of bartonellosis; an acute fatal fever with severe anemia

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pericarditis

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An inflammation of the protective membrane around the heart

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petechia

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(plural: petechiae) A pinpoint-size hemorrhage, most common in skin folds, that often occurs in rickettsial diseases

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phlebovirus

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Bunyavirus that is carried by the sandfly Phlebotomus papatsii

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pneumonic plague

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Usually fatal form of plague transmitted by aerosol droplets from a coughing patient

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producer

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(also called autotroph) Organism that captures energy from the sun and synthesizes food

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puerperal fever

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(also called childbed fever or puerperal sepsis) Disease caused by _- hemolytic streptococci, which are normal vaginal and respiratory microbiota that can be introduced during child delivery by medical personnel

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relapsing fever

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Disease caused by various species of Borrelia, most commonly by B. recurrentis; transmitted by lice

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Rh antigen

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An antigen found on some red blood cells; discovered in the cells of Rhesus monkeys

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Rickettsiae or Rickettsias

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Small, nonmotile, Gram-negative organisms; obligate intracellular parasites of mammalian and arthropod cells

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RNA polymerase

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An enzyme that binds to one strand of exposed DNA during transcription and catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from the DNA template

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schistosomiasis

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(also called bilharzia) Disease of the blood and lymph caused by blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma

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scrub typhus

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(also called tsutsugamushi disease) A typhus caused by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi; transmitted by mites that feed on rats

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septic shock

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A life-threatening septicemia with low blood pressure and blood-vessel collapse, caused by endotoxins

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septicemic plague

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Fatal form of plague that occurs when bubonic plague bacteria move from the lymphatics to the circulatory system

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toxoplasmosis

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Disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii that can cause congenital defects in newborns

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transovarian transmission

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Passing of pathogen from one generation of ticks to the next as eggs leave the ovaries

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trench fever

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(also called shinbone fever) Rickettsial disease, caused by Rochalimaea quintana, resembling epidemic typhus in that it is transmitted by lice and is prevalent during wars and under unsanitary conditions

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tularemia

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Zoonosis caused by Franciscella tularensis, most often associated with cottontail rabbits

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typhoidal tularemia

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Septicemia that resembles typhoid fever, caused by bacteremia from tularemia lesions

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ulceroglandular

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Referrring to the form of tularemia caused by entry of Franciscella tularensis through the skin and characterized by ulcers on the skin and enlarged regional lymph nodes

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vegetation

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A growth that forms on damaged heart valve surfaces in bacterial endocarditis; exposed collagen fibers elicit fibrin deposits, and transient bacteria attach to the fibrin

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verruga peruana

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One form of bartonellosis; a chronic nonfatal skin disease

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yellow fever

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Viral systemic disease found in tropical areas, carried by the mosquito Aedes aegypti