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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
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(ANUG; also called trench mouth) A severe form of periodontal disease
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aflatoxin
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Fungal toxin that is a potent carcinogen; found in food made from contaminated grain or peanuts infested with Aspergillus flavus and other aspergilli
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amoebic dysentery
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Severe, acute form of amebiasis, caused by Entamoeba histolytica
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ascariasis
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Disease caused by a large roundworm, Ascaris lumbricodes, acquired by ingestion of food or water contaminated with eggs
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Asiatic cholera
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Severe gastrointestinal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae; common in areas of poor sanitation and fecal contamination of water
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bacterial enteritis
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An intestinal infection caused by bacterial invasion of intestinal mucosa or deeper tissues
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balantidiasis
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Type of dysentery caused by the ciliated protozoan Balantidium coli
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bilirubin
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A yellow substance, the product of the breakdown of hemoglobin from red blood cells
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bongkrek disease
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Type of food poisoning caused by Pseudomonas cocovenenans, named for a native Polynesian coconut dish
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cementum
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The hard, bony covering of the tooth below the gumline
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chronic amoebiasis
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Chronic infection caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica
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cryptosporidiosis
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Disease caused by protozoans of the genus Cryptosporidium, common in AIDS patients
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dental caries
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(also called tooth decay) The erosion of enamel and deeper parts of teeth
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dental plaque
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A continuously formed coating of microorganisms and organic matter on tooth enamel
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diarrhea
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Excessive frequency and looseness of bowel movements
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digestive system
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The body system that converts ingested food into material suitable for the liberation of energy or for assimilation into body tissues
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dysentery
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A severe diarrhea that often contains mucus and sometimes blood or pus
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Ebola virus
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A filovirus that causes hemorrhagic fevers
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enamel
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The hard substance covering the crown of a tooth
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enteric bacteria
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Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, many of which are intestinal; small facultatively anaerobic Gramnegative rods with peritrichous flagella
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enteric fever
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Systemic infection, such as typhoid fever, spread throughout the body from the intestinal mucosa
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enteritis
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An inflammation of the intestine
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enterocolitis
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Disease caused by Salmonella typhimurium and S. paratyphi that invade intestinal tissue and produce bacteremia
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enterohemorrhagic strain of Escherichiacoli
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One that causes bloody diarrhea and is often fatal; often from contaminated food
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enteroinvasive strain
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Strain of Escherichia coli with a plasmid-borne gene for a surface antigen (K antigen) that enables it to attach to and invade mucosal cells
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ergot poisoning
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Disease caused by ingestion of ergot, the toxin produced by Claviceps purpurea, a fungus of rye and wheat
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ergot
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Toxin produced by Claviceps purpurea, a parasite fungus of rye and wheat that causes ergot poisoning when ingested by humans
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feces
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Solid waste produced in the large intestine and stored in the rectum until eliminated from the body
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fluoride
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Chemical that helps in reducing tooth decay by poisoning bacterial enzymes and hardening the surface enamel of teeth
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food poisoning
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(also called enterotoxicosis) A gastrointestinal disease caused by ingestion of foods contaminated with preformed toxins or other toxic substances
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giardiasis
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A gastrointestinal disorder caused by the flagellated protozoan Giardia intestinalis
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gingivitis
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The mildest form of periodontal disease, characterized by inflammation of the gums
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ground itch
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Bacterial infection of sites of penetration by hookworms
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hemorrhagic uremic syndrome (HUS)
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Infection with 0157:H7 strain of Escherichia coli causing kidney damage and bleeding in the urinary tract
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hepatitis A
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(formerly called infectious hepatitis) Common form of viral hepatitis caused by a single-stranded RNA virus transmitted by the fecal-oral route
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hepatitis B
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(formerly called serum hepatitis) Type of hepatitis caused by a doublestranded DNA virus usually transmitted in blood or semen
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hepatitis C
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(formerly called non-A, non-B hepatitis) Type of hepatitis distinguished by a high level of the liver enzyme alanine transferase; usually mild or inapparent infection but can be severe in compromised individuals
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hepatitis D
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(also called delta hepatitis) Severe type of hepatitis caused by presence of both hepatitis D and hepatitis B viruses, hepatitis D virus is an incomplete virus and cannot replicate without presence of hepatitis B virus as a helper
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hepatitis E
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Type of hepatitis transmitted through fecally contaminated water supplies
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hepatitis
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An inflammation of the liver, usually caused by viruses but sometimes by an amoeba or various toxic chemicals
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hookworm
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A disease caused by two species of small roundworms, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus, whose larvae burrow through skin and feet, enter the blood vessels, and penetrate lung and intestinal tissue
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large intestine
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The lower area of the intestine that absorbs water and converts undigested food into feces
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microvillus
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(plural: microvilli) A minute projection from the surface of an animal cell
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mucin
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A glycoprotein in mucus that coats bacteria and prevents their attaching to surfaces
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mumps
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Disease caused by a paramyxovirus that is transmitted by saliva and invades cells of the oropharynx
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orchitis
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Inflammation of the testes; a symptom of mumps in postpubertal males
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periodontal disease
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A combination of gum inflammation, decay of cementum, and erosion of periodontal ligaments and bone that support teeth
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periodontitis
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A chronic periodontal disease that affects the bone and tissue that supports the teeth and gums
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pinworm
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A small roundworm, Enterobius vermicularis, that causes gastrointestinal disease
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RNA tumor virus
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Any retrovirus that causes tumors and cancer
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serovar
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Strain; a subspecies category
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shigellosis
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(also called bacillary dysentery) Gastrointestinal disease caused by several strains of Shigella that invade intestinal lining cells
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sinusoid
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An enlarged capillary
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small intestine
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The upper area of the intestine where digestion is completed
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strongyloidiasis
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Parasitic disease caused by the roundworm Stongyloides stercoralis and a few closely related species
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tartar
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Calcium deposition on dental plaque forming a very rough, hard crust
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traveler’s diarrhea
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Gastrointestinal disorder generally caused by pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli
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trichinosis
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A disease caused by a small nematode, Trichinella spiralis, that enters the digestive tract as encysted larvae in poorly cooked meat, usually pork
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trichuriasis
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Parasitic disease caused by the whipworm, Trichuris trichiura, that damages intestinal mucosa and causes chronic bleeding
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typhoid fever
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An epidemic enteric infection caused by Salmonella typhi; uncommon in areas with good sanitation
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verminous intoxication
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An allergic reaction to toxins in the metabolic wastes of liver flukes
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vibriosis
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An enteritis caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, acquired from eating contaminated fish and shellfish that have not been thoroughly cooked
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villus
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(plural: villi) A multicellular projection from the surface of a mucous membrane, functioning in absorption
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whipworm
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Trichuris trichiura, a worm that causes trichuriasis infestation of the intestine
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yersiniosis
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Severe enteritis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica
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