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76 Cards in this Set
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- Back
acute respiratory disease (ARD)
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Viral disease that occurs in epidemics with cold symptoms as well as fever, headache, and malaise; sometimes causes viral pneumonia
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alveolus
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A saclike structure arranged in clusters at the ends of the respiratory bronchioles, having walls one cell layer thick, where gas exchange occurs
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antigen binding site
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The site on the antibody to which the antigen (epitope) binds
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antigen challenge
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Exposure to a foreign antigen
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antigenic drift
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Process of antigenic variation that results from mutations in genes coding for hemagglutinin and neuramindase
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antigenic presenting cell
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An immunological cell, such as a macrophage, dendritic cell, or B cell, that processes antigen fragments and presents peptide fragments from the antigen on its cell surface
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antigenic shift
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Process of antigenic variation probably caused by a reassortment of viral genes
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antigenic variation
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Mutations of influenza viruses that occur by antigenic drift and antigenic shift
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auditory canal
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Part of the outer ear lined with skin that contains many small hairs and ceruminous glands
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bronchial pneumonia
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Type of pneumonia that begins in the bronchi and can spread through surrounding tissue toward the alveoli
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bronchiole
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A finer subdivision of the airconveying bronchi
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bronchitis
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An infection of the bronchi
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bronchus
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(plural: bronchi) A subdivision of the trachea that conveys air to and from the lungs
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caseous
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Characterizing lesions with a “cheesy” appearance that form in lung tissue of patients with tuberculosis
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catarrhal stage
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Stage of whooping cough characterized by fever, sneezing, vomiting, and a mild, dry persistent cough
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cerumen
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Earwax
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ceruminous gland
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A modified sebaceous gland that secretes cerumen
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coccidioidomycosis
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(also called valley fever) Fungal respiratory disease caused by the soil fungus Coccidioides immitis
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consolidation
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Blockage of air spaces as a result of fibrin deposits in lobar pneumonia
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coronavirus
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Virus with clublike projections that causes colds and acute upper respiratory distress
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coryza
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The common cold
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croup
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Acute obstruction of the larynx that produces a characteristic high-pitched, barking cough
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cryptococcosis
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Fungal respiratory disease caused by a budding, encapsulated yeast, Filobasidiella neoformans
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cyanosis
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Bluish skin characteristic of oxygen- poor blood
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diphtheria
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A severe upper respiratory disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae; can produce subsequent myocarditis and polyneuritis
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diphtheroid
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Organism found in normal throat cultures that fails to produce exotoxin but is otherwise indistinguishable from diphtheria-causing organisms
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disseminated tuberculosis
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Type of tuberculosis spread throughout body; now seen in AIDS patients, usually caused by Mycobacterium avium-intercellulare
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DPT vaccine
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Diphtheria, killed whole cell pertussis and tetanus vaccine
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epiglottitis
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An infection of the epiglottis
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hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)
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The “Sin Nombre” hantavirus responsible for severe respiratory illness
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histoplasmosis
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(also called Darling’s disease) Fungal respiratory disease endemic to the central and eastern United States, caused by the soil fungus Histoplasma capsulatum
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influenza
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Viral respiratory infection caused by orthomyxoviruses that appears as epidemics
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laryngitis
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An infection of the larynx, often with loss of voice
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larynx
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The voicebox
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legionellas
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The causative bacterial agent in Legionnaires’ disease, Legionella pneumophila
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Legionnaires’ disease
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Disease caused by Legionella pneumophila, transmitted by airborne bacteria
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lobar pneumonia
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Type of pneumonia that affects one or more of the five major lobes of the lungs
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lower respiratory tract
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Thin-walled bronchioles and alveoli where gas exchange occurs
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mastoid area
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Portion of the temporal bone prominent behind the ear opening
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miliary tuberculosis
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Type of tuberculosis that invades all tissues, producing tiny lesions
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mucociliary escalator
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Mechanism involving ciliated cells that allows materials in the bronchi, trapped in mucus, to be lifted to the pharynx and spit out or swallowed
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mycobacteria
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Slender, acid-fast rods, often filamentous; include organisms that cause tuberculosis, leprosy, and chronic infections
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nasal cavity
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Part of the upper respiratory tract where air is warmed and particles are removed by hairs as they pass through
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nasal sinus
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A hollow cavity within the skull that is lined with mucous membrane
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nocardioforms
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Gram-positive, nonmotile, pleomorphic, aerobic bacteria, often filamentous and acid-fast; include some skin and respiratory pathogens
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nocardiosis
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Respiratory disease characterized by tissue lesions and abscesses; caused by the filamentous bacterium Nocardia asteroides
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ornithosis
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Disease with pneumonia-like symptoms, caused by Chlamydia psittaci and acquired from birds (previously called psittacosis and parrot fever)
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otitis externa
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Infection of the external ear canal
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otitis media
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Infection of the middle ear
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parainfluenza virus
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Virus that initially attacks the mucous membranes of the nose and throat
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parainfluenza
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Viral disease characterized by nasal inflammation, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and sometimes pneumonia, mainly in children
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paroxysmal stage
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Stage of whooping cough in which mucus and masses of bacteria fill the airway, causing violent coughing
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pharyngitis
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An infection of the pharynx, usually caused by a virus but sometimes bacterial in origin; a sore throat
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pharnyx
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The throat, a common passageway for the respiratory and digestive systems with tubes connecting to the middle ear
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pinna
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Flaplike external structure of the ear
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pleura
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Serous membrane covering the surfaces of the lungs and the cavities they occupy
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pleurisy
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Inflammation of pleural membranes that causes painful breathing; often accompanies lobar pneumonia
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Pneumocystis pneumonia
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A fungal respiratory disease caused by Pneumocystis carinii
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pneumonia
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An inflammation of lung tissue caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi
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Pontiac fever
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A mild variety of legionellosis
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primary atypical pneumonia
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(also called mycoplasma pneumonia and walking pneumonia) A mild form of pneumonia with insidious onset
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pseudomembrane
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A combination of bacilli, damaged epithelial cells, fibrin, and blood cells resulting from infection with diphtheria that can block the airway, causing suffocation
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Q fever
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Pneumonia-like disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, a rickettsia that survives long periods outside cells and can be transmitted aerially as well as by ticks
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respiratory bronchiole
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Microscopic channel in the lower respiratory system that ends in a series of alveoli
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respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
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Cause of lower respiratory infections affecting children under 1 year old; causes cells in culture to fuse their plasma membranes and become multinucleate masses (syncytia)
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sinusitis
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An infection of the sinus cavities
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tonsilitis
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A bacterial infection of the tonsils
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trachea
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The windpipe
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tubercle
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A solidified lesion or chronic granuloma that forms in the lungs in patients with tuberculosis
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tuberculoid
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Referring to the anesthetic form of Hansen’s disease (leprosy) in which areas of skin lose pigment and sensation
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tuberculosis
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Disease caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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tympanic membrane
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(also called the eardrum) Membrane separating the outer and middle ear
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upper respiratory tract
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The nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and larger bronchioles
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viral pneumonia
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Disease caused by viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus
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wandering macrophages
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Phagocytic cells that circulate in the blood or move into tissues when microbes and other foreign material are present
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whooping cough
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(also called pertussis) A highly contagious respiratory disease caused primarily by Bordetella pertussis
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